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Psychological aspects of death and dying
Staňková, Lucie ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
This theses concern with psychological aspects of dying and death. Its purpose is to comprehend ideas of modern people concerning death and dying (eventually to gain some kind of mental representation of death). Theses consist of two parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part concerns at first with death and dying and areas connected to those. Then it covers two quite new areas related to this topic, namely deaht in psychology and various explanations of death including their psychological explanation. The empirical part uses qualitative research (used methods are half-structured interview, free aassociations and marginally also analysis of a drawing) on people's conception of death, their explanation of death and feelings related to the topic, their fears and wishes. The findings are of qualitative character and they were obtained from 28 respondents. The results of empirical part could provide valuable psychological material in the area, that is even nowadays still concidered to be a taboo. They could deepen research in the area that, due to the overall aging of population, would be more and more valuable. Keywords: death, dying, mourning, burial, death in psychology, spirituality, deaht and religion, afterlife, spiritism, near-death experience
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Characteristic differences in expected, accpected and offered social support between men and women in romantic relationships
Lacka, Jiří ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of gender differences in the anticipated and received social support in long-term heterosexual relationships. The author first created the theoretical basis for the issue of social support for subsequent empirical part. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve adult respondents and on their basis was performed a qualitative analysis of the data. Interpretation of the data suggests that women and men were very similar in anticipated and received social support. The results were discussed in the light of studies on social support in relationships and gender differences. Keywords: Gender, gender differences, health psychology, heterosexual relationships, qualitative research, romantic relationships, social support.
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The possibilities of use of a psychologist in prenatal psychoprophylactic care
Sýkora, Jan ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Matoušová, Milada (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the possibilities of a psychologist in the process of psychoprophylactic care of the mother, or both expectant parents. The theoretical part is trying to define the term psychoprophylactic antenatal care and map the situation in terms of the important personalities in the field of antenatal psychoprophylactic care and in terms of its historical context. Furthermore, it attempts to define the tasks of antenatal psychoprophylactic care, introduce the structure of courses, and map the current situation in this field in the Czech Republic. The research project conducted examines the importance of the psychologist's role during the pregnancy of an expectant mother and in the field of the antenatal care for the foetus in a qualitative manner. It investigates both the needs and attitudes of pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, and experienced psychologists, concerned in the area by the selected method of the semi-structured interview.
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The collocational competence of EFL students in relation to their cognitive and affective predispositions.
Kacafírková, Petra ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Betáková, Lucie (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
The dissertation deals with the collocational competence of English language students and its relation to the naturalness of language production. In addition to the theoretical foundations of the research, the main focus is first given to the definition of collocational competence, followed by the presentation of the research project itself - a teaching intervention with students from Charles University (n = 39) over the course of one semester. Students were divided into an experimental group with explicit collocation instruction and a control group where teaching was conducted in a traditional way. The primary aim was to explore whether instruction inspired by lexically-oriented approaches contributes to the successful development of collocational competence. At the same time, we monitored individual differences, such as foreign language aptitude, anxiety, motivation, and learning strategies, and their impact on the learning process. The results suggest that explicit instruction of language in general is beneficial for students with higher levels of anxiety and weaker foreign language aptitude. Systematic lexically-oriented instruction proved to be effective in enhancing collocational competence and also contributed to naturalness of written production regardless of individual differences. The...
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Personality Domains and Self-construal in a Sociocultural Context: A Cross-Cultural Experimental Study.
Cerha, Ondřej ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Štech, Stanislav (referee) ; Hřebíčková, Martina (referee)
Ondřej Cerha, Personality Domains and Self-construal in a Sociocultural Context: A Cross-Cultural Experimental Study. The principal objective of this doctoral thesis is to investigate personality domains and self-construal in relation to a sociocultural context. To date, cross-cultural research reveals that self-concepts vary across cultures (Hardin et al., 2004; Keller et al., 2004; Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Vignoles et al., 2016). A growing body of evidence supports the multifactorial sources of psychological and sociocultural variability, including proximal and distal factors and their interplay. The intersection of individualism-collectivism, personality and self has emerged as an important nexus of this variation. The independent self is characterized by the notion of individuality and uniqueness; on the other hand, the interdependent self refers to the identity of connectedness with others (Singelis, 1994). Relational interdependence denotes a propensity to consider oneself in terms of close relationships (Cross et al., 2000). This study uses a priming manipulation to examine the interaction of culture, personality and self across two disparate cultures. The same experimental design was tested twice, with a Czech sample (n=395) and a Vietnamese sample (n=168). The participants randomly divided into...
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Change od quality of partner relationship after the birth of first child
Vágnerová, Zuzana ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
The work observes the development and changes of perception of the relationships of a couple in the period of accepting the role of a parent. In its theoretical part, the work considers the relationship of a couple within a wider context of a family, describes the relationship of a couple from its beginnings to the decision of establishing a family, emphasizes experience of the woman during pregnancy and after giving birth and also deals with the man's view of this period. The conclusion of the theoretical part describes in more detail changes of the relationship during the transition to parenthood and introduces foreign research of this topic. The empirical part then presents the survey itself, where women expecting their first child expressed satisfaction with their relationship both during pregnancy and after giving birth. The evaluated areas of the relationship of a couple include intimacy, communication, shared time, support, care and appreciation. The quality analysis of the statements of the female respondents with regard to the individual evaluated areas specifies the quantitative findings. The survey demonstrates a significant decrease of satisfaction of women with the relationship within the explored period, particularly in the area of intimacy, manifestation of love, appreciation,...
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Parental separation and awarding custody of pre-school aged child
Krchová, Eva ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the topic of parental separation and awarding custody of pre-school and early-school aged children. In the theoretical part the specifics of each developmental stage and also of the mother's and father's role are described. In the following chapter the thesis focuses on the process of parental separation, its phases, causes and its influence on children. Also the most typical phenomenons and risks connected with this complicated situation are mentioned. Not to be forgotten, the legal side of the process is also included. The thesis contains empirical part, in which structured interviews with social workers were led, in order to map current trends, the most serious risks, the possibilities of different forms of custody and the role of psychologists in parental separation in the Czech environment. Key words: parental separation, awarding custody of child, pre-school age, early-school age, sole custody, joint custody
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The Beginning of School Attendance and Possible Problems Connected With This Developmental Stage
Šporclová, Veronika ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
The theme of the thesis is the beginning of the school attendance and possible problems associated with this child development milestone. The theoretical part is focused on theoretical approaches to development of the child, the developmental level of pre-school and early school aged children. The next section deals with maturity and school readiness. Next chapter is devoted to the child's entry to the school. There we consider the various factors that might influence the first year pupil being successful at school and also how he feels at school. The theme of the empirical part is homework and the interaction between parents and school children in preparing for school. The research is the part of the international project briefly introduced in the text. The qualitative study follows the performance of homework, children's attitudes to homework and how children perceive their parents help with their homework. In the quantitative study we test the degree of statements of parents and children on issues related to homework, help with homework and attitudes to homework match. Key words: homework, home preparation for school, parents, pupil, cooperation, parental support, preschool age, school age
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Current attitude of adolescents towards motherhood and parenthood
Boučková, Jitka ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee)
knowledge on current attitudes of adolescent population towards motherhood and parenthood as it is, from my point of view, a very current and interesting topic. The theoretical part is focused in details on the evolutionary period of adolescence and its basic characteristics. The paper concentrates mainly on the socialization and influences that affect the formation of the personality and attitudes of an individual during the evolutionary process. I also paid attention to the general issue of creation and change of attitudes. I focused on the family, its function and importance for the development of the individual and on motherhood and parenthood, its biological and psychological aspects. The aim of my work was to monitor the current attitudes of adolescents towards motherhood and parenthood and point out factors that contribute to the formation of these attitudes. I focused on finding possible dependence between the attitude towards motherhood and parenthood and gender, the prevailing educational method in the family and different family backgrounds (complete, incomplete and integrated family).
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The impact of premarital cohabitation on marital stability
Weissmannová, Lada ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
Th i s s t u d y e x ami n e s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e twe e n p r ema r i t a l c o h a b i t a t i o n a n d t h e s t a b i l i t y o f s u b s e q u e n t ma r r i a g e . Th e c o n c e p t o f s t a b i l i t y h a s b e e n d r awn f r om a n a n a l y s i s o f d i v e r s e l i t e r a r y s o u r c e s , wh i l e t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f ma r i t a l s t a b i l i t y i s t a k e n f r om Ca r y l Ru s b u l t ' s I n v e s tme n t Mo d e l . He r I n v e s tme n t Mo d e l S c a l e h a s b e e n u s e d f o r me a s u r i n g d e g r e e o f ma r i t a l s t a b i l i t y. Th i s q u a n t i t a t i v e s t u d y i s b a s e d o n d a t a f r om a s amp l e o f 8 1 r e s p o n d e n t s . S t a t i s t i c a l a n a l ys e s h a v e n o t s h own a n y s i g n i f i c a n t r e l a t i o n s h i p b e twe e n p r ema r i t a l c o h a b i t a t i o n a n d s u b s e q u e n t ma r i t a l s t a b i l i t y . An i n d i c a t i o n d i d a p p e a r , h owe v e r , t h a t n o n c o h a b i t o r s h a v e s l i g h t l y h i g h e r v a l u e s o f ma r i t a l s t a b i l i t y t h a n c o h a b i t o r s . T h e d i f f e r e n c e i n v a l u e s o b s e r v e d b e twe e n t h e two g r o u p s wa s s l i g h t l y u n d e r t h e b o r d e r l i n e o f s t a t i s t i c a l...
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