|
| |
|
|
Role of adipose tissue in the ethiopatogenesis of insulin resistance
Polák, Jan ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hainer, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rossmeisl, Martin (referee)
Adipose tissue is involved in etiopathogenesis of insulin resistance and subsequent metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Mechanisms responsible for this association are investigated vigorously. One of the well accepted mechanisms linking excessive accummulation of adipose tissue with a development of insulin resistance are free fatty acids, which are released into circulation after hydrolysis of triglycerides stored in adipose tissue in a process of lipolysis. Impairments in a regulation of lipolysis are described in obese patients and lead to increased plasma level of free fatty acids and to impaired mobilisation of energy stores during exercise. In this PhD thesis, regulation of lipolysis in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissuewas investigated using microdialysis technique. In the first paper we have observed that dysregulation in catecholamine-induced lipolysis and impaired insulin action in adipose tissue can be improved by dynamic-strength training in obese men. In the second study, we have demonstrated significant involvement of newly discovered lipolytic pathway mediated by atrial natriuretic peptide in lipolysis stimulation during exercise. Adipose tissue is producing several protein substances with regulatory and endocrine functions collectively named...
|
|
|
Regulation of human adipose tissue gene expression in relation to obesity and insulin resistance
Klimčáková, Eva ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee) ; Vidal, Hubert (referee)
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among possible mechanisms leading to IR are increased plasma levels of free fatty acids and Alfred levels of adipokines secreted from adipose tissue (AT). In the first part of the work, we studied obese patients during different nutritional and physical activity interventions. Phenotypic data were related to the expression of AT genes potentially involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity (IS) and/or low-grade inflammation. We confirmed that aerobic and dynamic strength training improved IS and demonstrated that these interventions do not promote changes in subcutaneous AT gene expression or in plasma levels of adiponectin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but decrease circulating leptin level. Very low calorie diet followed by low calorie diet and weight maintenance period enhanced IS in obese women and diminished retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in plasma, but RBP4 mRNA levels were reduced only after very low calorie diet. Our findings indicate that the investigated adipokines, except potentially leptin, might not be mediators of changes in IS induced by lifestyle interventions. In the second part of the work, we investigated the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
The relationship between plasma values of cytokines and insulin resistance during diet-induced weight loss
Polášková, Pavlína ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
The theme of my thesis I have chosen with regard to its long-term interest in the field of diabetology and related diseases lifestyle. The increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes II. typeleads to study their pathogenetic relations. As the prospective in this regard, research shows adipocytokines, ie substancesproduced white adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is growing even after thephysical growth and as one of the largest endocrine organs and adipocytokinesreleased into the circulation can have serious systemic effects. It also appears that obese adipose tissue is in a state of chronic mild inflammation and weight reduction, this inflammatory condition and its complications (mainly CVS) accordingly. Relationship adipocytokines and insulin resistance Thus the development of diabetes II. type with emphasis onchanges in their levels occur during weight loss, is the subject of this work.
|
|
| |
|
|
Is the volume of the visceral adipose tissue related to degree of insulin resistance in human
Semerák, David ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
The topic of his thesis "The amount of visceral adipose tissue associated the degree of insulin resistance in humans "I chose based on their interest in the issue of obesity and its clinical implications. When thinking I prefer the focus of the topic in some way interfering in the internal medicine, which I have after graduation he wanted to pursue. Although obesity in the Czech Republic is the most common metabolic diseases such as human disease is underestimated, since it usually does not endanger the health obese individuals. Many problems and complications associated with obesity can be prevent early diagnosis and subsequent lifestyle modification, dietary and exercising habits. Therefore I believe that the context described in this work in the future, not only are when preventive action in their medical practice.
|
|
|
Effect of weight loss on the parameters of metabolic syndrome by obese patients
Hněvkovská, Zuzana ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
For the processing of my thesis I chose the topic "Impact of reduction weights on indicators of metabolic syndrome in obese individuals. " It is a broad topic, contains within itself issues weight loss and whole issue of metabolic syndrome X. The reduction in body weight and obesity ever been interested since his high school years, I, on behalf of the metabolic syndrome met to the study of medicine. For a long time I did not know how this syndrome grasp. Where it begins and where it ends? I knew the general obsolete Raevenově definition, also the mysterious names "deadly quartet" or "syndrome X" not corresponding but much of this syndrome. Awareness of the prevalence diseases and complications that patients have. During the study internal medicine, I saw how much it is discussed topic, and how severe the place occupies the field of internal medicine. To choose the topic of his thesis led me Thus, the desire to understand more about the etiology, pathogenetic relationship, complications and treating this syndrome.
|
|
|
Molecular adaptations of adipose tissue in relation to dietary treatment of obesity in human
Tencerová, Michaela ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee)
The general goal of this work was to investigate the molecular adaptations of human AT in relation to DIs with respect to its secretory activity as well as cellular composition focused on macrophages population. Specifically, we studied the role of novel adipokines, such as visfatin and RBP4, related to insulin resistance and AT metabolism. Furthermore, we wanted to characterize the effect of the dietary-induced changes on the content of ATM together with metabolic amelioration. In our studies, we found that lifestyle modifications had a beneficial effect on metabolic and biochemical parameters depending on the duration and type of DI. Regarding both of the investigated adipokines, visfatin and RBP4, we revealed modifications at the transcriptional and cirulating levels during DI. However, we did not find any association with the pattern of evolution of insulin resistance. Our findings do not support a clear hypothesis on the role of these adipokines in the diet-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity and other obesity-related metabolic disturbances. In respect to the changes of ATM content during long-term DI, we demonstrated using flow cytometry that the AT composition was changed at the end of the whole dietary intervention (i.e. after WM phase). This diet-induced AT remodelling was expressed by a...
|
guest ::
