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Conversion of Markdown documents to DocBook format
Šmíd, Martin ; Šlajchrt, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Kosek, Jiří (referee)
Main purpose of this thesis is to design software enabling a conversion of Markdown format into DocBook. This converter is developed in XSLT 2.0 language and serves not only as XSL stylesheet, which can be used by DocBook users, but also as a stand-alone implementation of Markdown in a new environment. Firstly, both formats are analyzed from the perspective of their specification and usage. Requirements are specified based on the analysis and together with the use cases are defining the functionality. Thesis continues with the design of general logic, which serves as a base of actual implementation of converter. Web application, which presents practical usage of converter's functionality, is also part of this work. Own contribution of the work is to create an open-source program that enriches the user community with a new tool and also demonstrates the capabilities of XSLT 2.0 technology.
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Markov Equilibrium between High Frequency Traders
Šmíd, Martin
We model an optimal behaviour of a finite number of (perhaps high frequency) traders at a limit order market with a instrument possibly paying dividends. The traders are assumed to trade continuously and to maximize their discounted consumption while keeping the probability of near-bankruptcy states at a prescribed level. The latency times, ie., the delays between the order submissions and the corresponding order books' changes, are taken into account. We show that the process describing the market is Markov given the largest among information sets of the agents.
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Multifactor dynamic credit risk model
Dufek, J. ; Šmíd, Martin
We propose a new dynamic model of the Merton type, based on the Vasicek model. We generalize Vasicek model in three ways: we add model for loss given default (LGD), we add dynamics to the model and we allow non-normal distri- butions of risk factors. Then we add a retrospective interaction of underlying factors and found a non-linear behaviour of these factors. In particular, the evolution of factors underlying the DR and the LGD is assumed to be ruled by a non-linear vector AR process with lagged DR and LGD and their non-linear transformations. We apply our new model on real US mortgage data and demonstrate its statistical significance.
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Determinants of Stocks' Choice in Portfolio Competitions
Šmíd, Martin ; Kuběna, Aleš Antonín
We study investment competitions in which the players invest a virtual amount of money into financial asset and those with highest returns, measured by the actual prices, are rewarded by fixed prizes. We show that the competition, seen as a game, lacks a pure equilibrium and that the ``max-min'' solution of the game lies in the extremal point of the feasible set having maximal probability of victory. We show further that if a mixed equilibrium exists then its atoms lie exactly in the extremal points with a non-zero probability of victory and its weights are close to corresponding probabilities of victory. We analyse empirically a portfolio competition held recently by the Czech portal ``lidovky.cz''; we find that the majority of people do not behave according to the game-theoretic conclusions. Consequently, searching for factors influencing a choice of particular stocks, we find that the participants' choice may be explained by several stock traits to a certain extent. We also show that participants tend to choose negatively diversified portfolios.
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Portfolio competitions and rationality
Kuběna, Aleš Antonín ; Šmíd, Martin
We study investment competitions in which the players with highest achieved returns are rewarded by fixed prizes. We show that, under realistic assumptions, a game the participants play lacks a pure equilibrium and that the ``max-min'' solution of the game lies in one of the extremal points of the feasible set, namely in the one having maximal probability that the portfolio return falls into its normal cone. We analyse empirically a portfolio competition held recently by the Czech portal ``lidovky.cz''; we find that the majority of people do not behave according to the game-theoretic conclusions. Consequently, searching for factors influencing a choice of particular stocks, we find that that the only significant determinant of the choice is a size of the stock's issuer.
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A Simple Decision Problem of a Market Maker
Šmíd, Martin
We formulate a simple decision model of a market maker maximizing an utility from his consumption. We reduce the dimensionality of the problem to one. We nd that, given our setting, the quotes set by the market maker depend on the inventory of the traded asset but not on the amount of cash held by the market maker.
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Dynamic Model of Losses of Creditor with a Large Mortgage Portfolio
Šmíd, Martin ; Gapko, Petr
We propose a dynamic model of mortgage credit losses. We assume borrowers to hold assets covering the instalments and to own a real estate which serves as a collateral; both the value of the assets and the price of the estate follow general stochastic processes driven by common and individual factors. We describe the correspondence between the common factors, the percentage of defaults and the loss given default and we suggest a procedure of econometric estimation of the model.
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Equity home bias in the Czech Republic
Báťa, Karel ; Šmíd, Martin
Investors reveal a tendency to prefer domestic over foreign equities despite the financial losses. From institutional perspective the factors that cause home biasness are the barriers to entry the foreign markets, transaction costs, illiquidity, asymmetric information and information costs, corporate governance and inflation and exchange rate risks. Behavioral finance argues that irrationality of investors cause the home biasness. Investors tend to be under the influence of psychological biases: optimism, overconfidence, social identity, narrow framing and loss aversion. In this paper we introduce a model of optimal portfolio of Czech investors with three utility functions: Markowitz, exponential and CRRA. The prediction of the model without short selling suggests that Czech investors should have more than 60 % (between 72 - 83 % for feasible levels of risk aversion) in domestic equities. The OECD data claim that they hold around 87 % in domestic equities.
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Modeling a distribution of mortgage credit losses
Gapko, Petr ; Šmíd, Martin
One of the biggest risks arising from financial operations is the risk of counterparty default, commonly known as a “credit risk”. Leaving unmanaged, the credit risk would, with a high probability, result in a crash of a bank. In our paper, we will focus on the credit risk quantification methodology. We will demonstrate that the current regulatory standards for credit risk management are at least not perfect, despite the fact that the regulatory framework for credit risk measurement is more developed than systems for measuring other risks, e.g. market risks or operational risk. Generalizing the well known KMV model, standing behind Basel II, we build a model of a loan portfolio involving a dynamics of the common factor, influencing the borrowers’ assets, which we allow to be non-normal. We show how the parameters of our model may be estimated by means of past mortgage deliquency rates.
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