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ESA of the old charcoal kiln
Macounová, Kristina ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Strouhalová, Barbora (referee)
The topic of this dissertation is the assessment of the black carbon in the soil. The soil samples were collected in the Brdy area. Relics of charcoal kilns from the 17th - 18th centuries occur there in some places. A part and parcel of this paper is the literature search of the black carbon in the soil, of the history of burning charcoal and of the general characterization of the site where the terrain measurements were in progress. The measuring specification is a part of this paper, too. The results showed changes of physical and chemical characteristics between original forest soils and soils enriched by the black carbon. These soils in the beech forest showed approximately pH 4,7, while soils in the spruce forest showed pH 3,7 on the average. Original soils in the beech forest were more acid by 1 pH unit, and the original soils in the spruce forest were by 0,3 pH more acid. The bulk density of the original soils was 1,28 g/cm3 on the average, and the soils enriched by black carbon decreased to 0,68 g/cm3 on the average. Key words: coal kiln, Brdy, Black carbon, Elementary soil area
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Environmental classification of natural forest in the Czech Republic
Procházková, Simona ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Classification of natural forests according to environmental conditions Abstract The aim of this thesis is the classification of natural forests of the Czech Republic according to environmental conditions and the creation of a database of relevant environmental factors for localities of natural forests. Natural forests are defined by the Databank of natural forests of the Czech Republic (VRŠKA 2003). The classifications are created on two spatial levels. The first level is the classification of natural forests according to the internal abiotic conditions of the forests and the second is the classification based on the conditions of the external environment, which is in close proximity to the natural forests and influence it. As characteristics of natural forests surroundings the groups of forest types were used as well as the Consolidated layer of ecosystems, which contains information on the anthropogenic influence on the landscape. Cluster analysis in SPSS program was used to create the classifications. Furthermore, the research of forest development of the Czech Republic, basic terminology and definitions related to natural forests, the research of classification issues according to several environmental factors and assessment of the degree of naturalness of forests is elaborated. The results of the work...
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Development and interpretation of site tree-ring chronology of Pinus sylvestris
Mašek, Jiří ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
The presented bachelor thesis deals with the study of climatic factors that influence the growth of the pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the locality near Rabštejn nad Střelou. The primary objective was to determine the limiting factors of tree growth and to perform dendroclimatic reconstruction. For this purpose, samples were taken at the site and local chronologies were created using various standardization methods. Using the correlation coefficients, limiting growth factors were determined, and reconstruction by regression and scaling was performed based on the highest correlation. The results showed a strong relationship of rings width to rainfall and humidity conditions, especially in the summer months and in various seasons from April to August. Most of the chronologies also showed the positive influence of February temperatures. Observed signature rings in many cases are well responsive to various climatic anomalies. For the most correlated variable, dendroclimatic reconstruction was calculated for the period 1850 - 2016 when the chronology was reliable. The reconstructed average rainfall corresponds well with the Klementinum climate line and other rainfall reconstructions.
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Ecoducts of the Prague ring road and their pedogeographical aspects
Čánská, Kristýna ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
The construction of new roads has many negative consequences for the environment, among others also increasing of the fragmentation of landscapes. One of the precautions to reduce the impact of these negative consequences for the environment is the construction of ecoducts. The question is whether the currently built ecoducts in the Czech Republic are functioning and whether the funds spent to reduce the negative impacts of road constructions are spent effectively. This thesis discusses the ecoducts of the Prague road ring. At the end of 2015, there were already completed seven ecoducts at the whole road ring. Their dimensional characteristics were ascertained by measuring, the soil on ecodusts was compared with the soil on the immediate surroundings and the assessment of the condition of the vegetation on the ecodustc was done. The results suggest that ecoducts the Prague road ring have many drawbacks and their efficiency is reduced due to their inappropriate solution.
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INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF RISK GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE CHILEAN PART OF PATAGONIA USING RS
Chotěborová, Markéta ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Area of interest of this bachelor thesis is part of Chilean Patagonia. It is spread through the Chilean regions of Los Lagos, Aysén and Magallanes. The local landscape consists of crystal blue lakes, glaciers, fjords and snow-capped mountains. Creating this landscape is involved in many endogenous and exogenous geomorphological processes. These processes take place on earth for millions of years, some of them, become to be risky when people began settling in this territory. Among these risk geomorphological processes in the countries of interest include earthquake, tsunami, volcanic activity, landslides and Glacial Lake Outburst Flood. The bachelor thesis also contains a chapter on remote sensing and its possible application in the prevention of risk processes or monitoring. The bachelor thesis is closed by a chapter with author's own assessment of these processes. The methodology of work is based on a review of foreign literature. Keywords: risk geomorphological processes, Patagonia, earthquake, tsunami, volcanism, landslides, GLOF, Remote Sensing
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Geomorphilogy in ancient Greece and Rome
Leglerová, Anna ; Křížek, Marek (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Ancient Greece in the 7th century BC was important for the creation of philosophy and development of science. Although geomorphology didn't exist as an independent science in this time, there were the first attempts to explain and describe geomorphologic processes and landforms. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to aggregate descriptions and explanations of these phenomena from works of ancient Greek and Roman philosophers, historians and other authors. The main purpose is to point out correct explanations and to explain the cause of these which are wrong. Main phenomena, which were scholars focused on, were earthquakes, volcanism and the annual flood on the Nile River. Greeks and Romans believed that the Earth's relief is changing all the time. Relief landforms were used during campaigns, in agriculture and for the foundation of cities. The scholars were able to critically analyse theories of their ancestors. Despite the fact that some of the explanations were different from these of today, it shows us that science in ancient Greece and Rome is an important period for development of geomorphology and science in general. Key words: geomorphology, ancient Greece and Rome, Mediterranean
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Land-cover changes and climatic settings of the Úpské rašeliniště mire
Hejda, Tomáš ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Mires, or wetlands, are very important habitats, ecosystems, as well as relict and recent reserves. The object of the study of mires is focused on morphological, hydrological and chemical characteristics as they are more discussed globally due to climate change. The present thesis deals with the characteristics of mires on a global scale, which are used in literature and make up their classification. The classification of mires is also addressed on the Czech scale with a focus on the Western High Sudetes. Mires of the Giant Mts. were analyzed according to climate conditions with a focus on the dynamics of land cover areas of Úpské rašeliniště mire and subsequently compared with Scandinavian mires. A particularly strong dependence on the Aapa type can be stated from the analysis. The vegetation above the alpine timberline primarily consisting of dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) and spruce families showed a substantial increase with respect to the impacts of climate fluctuations in the recorded period in Eastern High Giant Mts. Key words: mires, classification, Giant Mts., climate, vegetation change
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Drnovice profile developement in historical times
Švábová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis research a land use in six cadastral areas Drnovice u Valašských Klobouk, Vysoké Pole, Tichov, Bratřejov u Vizovic, Pozděchov, Lačnov and especially it is focused on land use of forest areas. Sedimentological profile collected at Peklo area was used for vegetation reconstruction. Peklo is interesting especially for its slope deformations. The pellet was investigated using pollen analysis and was dated using the radiometric dating. The results provide information about the development of vegetation on the interested area and its surroundings. The population development and human impact on the forest area was also monitored. Keywords: palynology, pollen analysis, land use, vegetation development, Western Carpathians Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Plants as indicators of soil properties
Doležal, Jan ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Soil will be more important natural resource in the future, soil is degradation due to organic matter depletion, soil acidification and nutrient leaching, soil erosion, soil sealing is still ongoing. The local vegetation can serve as an estimate of habitat properties, these properties may highlight the ongoing processes in the soil. The ability of plants to indicate soil properties are described in a variety of species. The first part of this work is a review of literature which is dealing with plant indicators and the practical part is to evaluate the tightness of the relationship between selected soil properties and their values derived on the basis of the indicator species composition in two selected river basins. Keywords: flora, phytoindication, soil, vegetation, ellenberg indicator values, GEOMON river basin
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