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Soil characteristics in relation to relief and land use around Sfinta Elena village in Banat, Romania
Zamazalová, Kateřina ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
The thesis characterizes soils of the karst platform around Sf. Elena village established by Czech colonists in Romanian Banat. The emphasis is given to the relationships among soil chemical properties and different land use and relief. In the area, occurrence and distribution of soil types was mapped. The relief was found out to be the dominant factor determining soil chemical properties. It affects also the vegetation and land use. Among the different land use types the statistically significant difference was found mainly in organic carbon content, which is the main determinant of sorption capacity. Less favourable properties were found on arable land, where the low nutrient content was observed, too. It gives evidence of a depletion of the soil by farming.
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Vegetation succession and soil development on heaps from brown coal mining
Veselý, Martin ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Plant diversity and selected soil parameters from 36 sites placed on brown coal mining spoil heaps were analyzed and compared. Spontaneously revegetated or technically reclaimed spoil heaps of different age were situated in brown coal mining district of eastern Most basin in north western part of the Czech republic. Samples were sorted in groups according to vegetation growth and type. Plant diversity increases during succession development and is higher on non-reclaimed sites than reclaimed sites, where diversity decreases with time. Soil bulk density decreases during succession on all sites. Soil pH is decreasing too and this process is faster on spontaneously revegetated sites. Old successional forest type sites have very acid soils probably due to properties of original mineral matrix. Thickness of organic horizon and A horizon is increasing during succession and they appear in mid-aged sites first. Content of soil organic carbon is increasing continuously. Non-reclaimed sites reach higher contents, mainly because of higher content of fossil organic matter in spoil mineral matrix. Keywords: vegetation succession, soil development, reclamation, brown coal mining heaps
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Change in the soil cover structure caused by soil sealing of land: an example from the hinterland of Prague.
Duchoslavová, Eva ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee)
The quality of soil intended for the housing development is the topic of diploma thesis. Frequently, the local soil of the highest quality is built on. For the purpose of this thesis there were 5 model areas defined: these are the areas of Roudnice, Říčany, Slaný, Vlašim, and Kolín. The thesis describes the quality of soil which is built on in these areas. The extent of housing development in these areas is specified on the basis of landscape plans. As such, it is possible to determine the quality of soil intended for the future housing development. Moreover, the thesis deals with the legislative protection of soil. Keywords: BPEJ, landscape plan, occupy soil, areas of Roudnice, Říčany, Slaný, Vlašim, Kolín
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Paleosols of Zemechy Loess Ravine
Vejrostová, Lenka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with paleosols of Zemechy loess ravine. It is divided into three main parts. In the first part the issue of paleopedology, position of soil in Quarternary cycle of climate and sedimentation and methods of study of paleosols are being dealt with. Next part of the bachelor thesis is concerned with methods and data sources used in the thesis. Its main purpose is to give basic characteristics about the region of interest. In the third part of the thesis information and facts obtained are summarized and discussed. Outcome of the thesis is to characterize paleosols of Zemechy loess ravine (aim of the thesis) and a basis for future work of the author. Key words: paleopedology, fossil soils, Quarternary, Zemechy loess ravine, Kralupy nad Vltavou
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Soil C content dynamics
Bláhová, Štěpánka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kubát, Jaromír (referee)
Climate change is the main topic in the broad scientific community for its natural, social and economical consequences and its impact on human lives. The global carbon cycle is a major component in these problems. High rates of anthropogenic CO2 emissions have been partly restrained by terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding carbon flows and mechanisms in different land use is essential for mitigation of further changes. This diploma thesis applies soil organic matter model RothC-26.3 to simulate the effect of awaited climate change on two agricultural sites in the Czech Republic - Ruzyně and Lukavec, from 1990 until 2065. Simulations were executed for three sowing plans: traditional Norfolk, canola cultivation and change from agricultural land to a grassland. In Ruzyně, the accumulation of total on-site carbon was observed in all these three sowing plans for the whole time period. In Lukavec, the Norfolk sowing plan showed a slight loss of carbon, the carbon in the canola sowing plan stagnated and in the land-use change case the carbon rose. The main difference between the sites is the clay content percentage, however, clay is not responsible for such a difference between the sites. There was not much comparison between measured and modelled data as yet; this is planned to be done in further research to...
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Forest evolution in Central Europe during the Holocene periode
Švábová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The work deals with the forest as an ecosystem where relationships take place, which are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Great attention is paid to the climate, which affects not only the distribution of biomes. Its constant changes have an impact on the species composition of forests and human society. By the effects of the climate, the Holocene period was divided into sub-stages. Man also played a significant role in the conversion of the central Europe forest and changes it even now. That is why this work devotes a considerable part of it to this influence. Great changes of the forest began with the emergence of agriculture, which was the first impulse for the beginning of deforestation. Examined are the ways of prehistoric and modern economy. With the loss of trees came an idea of protecting the forests. As an example of possible further effect on the forest, the influence of some pathogens is presented.
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Variability of hydropedological characteristics of soil type in the catchment of Tetřívčí brook
Kozáková, Jana ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of hydrological properties variability of soils in forest catchment Tetřívčí brook in the source area Blanice based on selected hydropedological characteristics with respect to soil type, vegetation cover and character of slope. The selected hydropedological characteristics are maximum capillary water capacity, full water capacity, soil infiltration capability - infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration and retention potential of soils. In sum of seven soil subtypes found in forest (coniferous, deciduous and mixed) and meadow (cut and non-maintained) and on the different slope (three categories) were studied in the catchment area. This thesis is built on bachelor thesis, which dealt with the variability of hydropedological characteristics in the experimental pair comparison basins of Tetřívčí and Zbytinský brook. In the thesis were used mainly the measured data obtained from repeated field campaigns in pre- selected sites and data from the database of experimental catchments of Zbytiny. In the selected sites were made soil probes, soil samples were taken using Kopecky cylinders and infiltration measured by a single-cylinder infiltrometer. By laboratory determination and calculation, selected hydropedological characteristics were obtained. The results were...
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Soil and terrain changes as a result of increased erosion and accumulation processes in selected locations
Votýpka, Jan ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee)
Soil and terrain changes as a result of increased erosion and accumulation processes in selected locations Abstract Colluvial soils are formed in areas with increased intensity of soil erosion. Colluvial soils originate as a result of their position in terrain, they are usually found in places where has accumulated erosion material. Very often they are to be found at the around of slopes. Their accumulation horizon is deeper than 25 cm with a great amount of organic carbon buried in it. In my diploma thesis I will attempt to take a closer look at three locations, each having different types of dominant soils. The aim of this diploma thesis is to rebuild the original shape of the terrain before the beginning of the soil erosion process. Keywords: colluvial soil, soil erosion, soil accumulation, land use, digital terrain model (DTM)
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