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English participial clauses and their Czech translation counterparts
Mašková, Martina ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse and describe the Czech translation counterparts of English present- and perfect-participial clauses which function as postmodifiers and adverbials. Although there is a formal counterpart of the English participle - the transgressive - this form is considered very marked and archaic in Czech. Therefore, based on an analysis of 210 sentences excerpted from three American works of contemporary fiction, the thesis describes the recurrent patterns used in the translation of the forms in question. The analysis confirmed the findings of previous studies that while English prefers nominal and verbo- nominal means of expressions, Czech relies rather on verbal expression. The majority of the translation counterparts are divergent correspondences, above all finite clauses connected paratactically to the counterpart of the matrix clause. Although the translation of a participle by a finite verb form is more explicit, the coordinative relation makes it possible to retain the semantic indeterminacy of the relation between the clauses which is specific for participial constructions. Key words: participle, participial clause, transgressive, postmodifier, adverbial, translation counterparts
Gerundial and ing-participial clauses in written and spoken academic texts
Pajmová, Klára ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with the gerund and -ing participial clauses in written and spoken academic texts. The theoretical part defines the academic discourse and non-finite verb forms. Gerund and -ing participial constructions are further described regarding their forms and syntactic functions. The sources used for the research part are two corpora of contemporary academic British English: BASE and BAWE. BASE corpus contains transcripts of academic lectures. BAWE corpus is a collection of university-level students' writings. Both corpora contain texts from four different genres and moreover students' assignments are divided into four levels of study. For the purpose of the research part of our thesis, only the genre "Arts and Humanities" and the highest level of study will be taken into account. The practical part analyses the frequency of gerund and -ing participial clauses, frequency of verbs occurring in these constructions and collocations of these verbs. A detailed analysis aims at studying 100 sentences from written texts and 100 sentences from academic lectures. This sample is examined regarding the internal structure of each non-finite clause and its syntactic function. The final section summarizes the results or our research.
Finite and participial postmodifiers in spoken academic discourse: natural and social sciences
Škodová, Kateřina ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
The subject of the present study is a comparison of two postmodifying constructions in noun phrases - finite relative adnominal clauses with the subject gap and nonfinite participial clauses - in spoken academic discourse: natural and social science. The comparison is based on the fact that both constructions realize the same clause element, i.e. a postmodifier in a noun phrase. The aim of the present study is thus to present major characteristics and functions of finite relative clauses and their reduced counterparts with respect to their distribution across the two subregisters of spoken academic discourse. The study is divided into three main parts: the theoretical background (Chapter 2) which defines the major characteristics and functions of the two postmodifying constructions and their mutual relationship, as are presented in the literature; the main part (Chapters 3 and 4) which provides the analysis of finite relative clauses and participial postmodifiers; and conclusion in Chapter 5.
English counterparts of Czech adverbs (expressing respect and measure)
Tomašovičová, Katarína ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Popelíková, Jiřina (referee)
The objective of the present thesis is to analyse divergent translation counterparts of Czech adverbs; i.e. those cases, where Czech adverbs are realised in English by other means than the corresponding word class of adverbs. The thesis focuses on the divergent counterparts of the Czech adverbs expressing respect and measure. The Theoretical part of this study presents an overview of morphology, syntax, and semantics of adverbs in both languages. The analysis of two hundred and eleven examples obtained from the Czech-English parallel corpus Intercorp is carried out in the empirical part. The divergent counterparts of six adverbs of respect and five adverbs of measure will be classified and analysed with regard to their word class, frequency, and semantics.
English modals "may" and "might" and their Czech translation equivalents
Čuchalová, Marie ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Vašků, Kateřina (referee)
This BA thesis is concerned with the English modals may and might and their Czech translation counterparts. The theoretical section will briefly introduce the category of modality and its two basic subtypes: deontic and epistemic. It will also provide an overview of the formal features and meanings of the two modals. Apart from that, it will focus on the mutual relationship between the two modal verbs. Furthermore, it will touch upon the situation in Czech. The empirical part will present an analysis of 100 authentic Czech translation equivalents of may and might. The material will be drawn from the parallel corpus InterCorp, specifically from prose and drama. The main objective of this analysis is to examine the proportion of the Czech means of expressing the meanings of may and might (modal verbs, modal particles etc.)
Translation equivalents and function of eventive objects after the verbs "give/make" ("give an answer/make a promise")
Bláhová, Jana ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
This BA thesis deals with the description of eventive objects after the verbs give and make. There is no equivalent construction in Czech and therefore the thesis focuses on the translation equivalents as well. The eventive object is a part of verbo-nominal constructions (the verb reflects the grammatical categories; the eventive object bears the meaning). One of the functions of the construction is modification and quantification flexibility (e.g. she gave a sad smile). Usually the modificators (both pre- and postmodificators) of the eventive noun are translated as adverbials into Czech. The position of the adverbial in the Czech sentence can cause problems in translation. In terms of methodology, the thesis is based on the analysis of 100 eventive objects exported from English original texts and their translation equivalents. The corpus of examples was acquired from InterCorp parallel corpus available under Český národní korpus. Firstly, and most importantly, clear criteria of the construction have to be established. Then the individual examples of the construction will be classified and described. Finally, the translation equivalents and modification will be analysed.
The Use of Determiners in Art History and Criticism
Čížková, Lucie ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
9. Abstract This thesis deals with the use of determiners in proper names concerning visual art. Proper names are expressions that can comprise one or more words, either a common or a proper noun head with common or proper noun dependents. Although they have an internal structure that can be analysed as a structure of a common noun phrase, the structure of proper names is unchangeable since they function as a single grammatical and semantic unit. The reference of proper names is limited to non-generic situational reference. They refer directly to a particular person or object uniquely recoverable in the situation. Generally, the use of articles with proper names is limited to the definite or the null article (which is distinguished from the zero article). Examples demonstrating the use of determiners with proper names concerning art were excerpted from contemporary British art magazines. The excerpts were divided into seven semantic categories, most of which have not been covered, with respect to the use of articles, by any representative English grammar. The examples were analysed and described and conclusions were drawn. However, the results of this thesis cannot be considered as a set of clear-cut rules but rather an outline of tendencies in the use of articles with several semantically distinguished...
Functional and translation correspondence of English demonstrative determiners in translation from English
Ledvinka, Miroslav ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse Czech translation counterparts of English demonstrative determiners and determine the degree of correspondence in the use of demonstratives in both languages. The first half of the theoretical chapter defines the English demonstrative determiners on the morpho-syntactic level. Demonstrative determiners in English carry either situational or textual reference, which can be further divided into anaphora, cataphora and the non-phoric reference. Demonstratives also distinguish between singular forms (this/that) and plural forms (these/those), as well as between proximal (this/these) and distal forms (that/those). The choice of either a proximal or a distal form is not always influenced by solely spatial relationships. Less frequent instances of a co- occurrence of a demonstrative and a proper name (Vantage Theory), and of demonstratives with prominent cohesive features (Gradient focus theory), are also discussed. The second half of the theoretical introduction is focused on a morpho-syntactic classification of Czech demonstratives. The inflectional character of Czech, together with the absence of the category of definiteness results in different realisations of certain grammatical structures. The quantitatively larger set of Czech demonstratives is classified...
The position of direct and indirect objects of selected English ditransitive verbs
Halamásková, Jana ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The subject of the present thesis is an analysis of English ditransitive verbs, i.e. verbs that need complementation by two objects. The main focus is the position of the objects depending on their realization and factors influencing their ordering. There are four different types of realization distinguished: 1. both Od and Oi/Oprep realized by nouns; 2. Od realized by a noun and Oi/Oprep realized by a pronoun; 3. Od realized by a pronoun and Oi/Oprep realized by a noun; 4. both objects realized by pronouns. The position of the objects is assumed to be influenced by the principle of end-focus, i.e. clause element carrying less communicative dynamism (given information) tends to precede element carrying more communicative dynamism (new information), and by the principle of end-weight, i.e. the tendency to put longer and more complex (premodified or postmodified) clause elements towards the end of a clause. As new information is often stated more fully, the principle of end-focus and end- weight often reinforce each other. The analytical part is a corpus-based analysis of 120 examples for two ditransitive verbs, buy and sell, with 60 examples for each verb. The examples have been excerpted from the British National Corpus leaving out examples unsuitable for the analysis (e.g. passive voice). The...

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