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Covalent geometry of nucleic acids
Schramlová, Barbora ; Černý, Jiří (advisor) ; Dohnálek, Jan (referee)
IV Abstract Nucleic acids (NA) are substances that play a fundamental role in all living organisms. They store genetic information and control the process of protein synthesis. These macromolecules are composed of chains of nucleotides. According to the type of sugar in the nucleotides, nucleic acids are divided into DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid). Nucleotide sequences also determine the spatial conformations of nucleic acids. At the level of dinucleotides, conformations are described by classes of dinucleotide conformers - NtC. To study nucleic acids, it is crucial to determine their spatial arrangement. The most common method of three-dimensional observations is X-ray crystallography, which uses the interaction of X-rays with the electron cloud of atoms in the crystal. The result is crystallographic data, which further goes through the process of refinement and validation. One of the essential requirements for reliable refinement and validation are stereochemical standards. These are vocabularies that characterize specific bond lengths, bond angles, torsion angles, planes, and chirality. These parameters were last updated in 2020, but their quality still needs to be improved. This work focuses on the detailed characterization and description of the covalent geometry of nucleic...
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Structure and function of IRES elements in yeast
Černý, Jiří ; Pospíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Translation initiation is an important step in control of gene expression. Cellular mRNAs are usually translated via classical cap-dependent pathway, but some of them can also be translated by an alternative pathway like IRES mediated one. In the first part of my work I studied a possibility of IRES dependent translation initiation of RRN3 and BAS1 mRNAs from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I inserted BAS1 and RRN3 5'UTR into the intercistronic spacer of pFGAL4h and its promotreless version and measured the activity of secondary reporters in enegineered yeast strains. My data indicates presence of cryptic promoter in tested regions. To confirm this results I first inserted the RRN3 5'UTR into the intercistronic region of another bicistronic plasmid - pRFh and measured expression of second cistron. The results were similar like in the case of pFGAL4h system. The presence of shorter RNAs transcribed from cryptic promoter within the intercistronic region was shown using real time PCR. My quest in the second part of this work was to prepare RNAs useful for next investigation of translation control of lariat capped RNAs produced by GIR1 ribozyme in a slime mold Didymium iridis. I have prepared a wide set of DNA molecules coding different versions of GIR1 in front of the firefly luciferase ORF which served as...
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Competencies of the General Meeting of a limited liability company
Černý, Jiří ; Štenglová, Ivanka (advisor) ; Oehm, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with competencies of the General Meeting of a limited liability company in the Czech legal order. At the first place its aim is to define the term competencies of the General Meeting. The next main task is an in-depth analysis of each issue that falls within the competencies. The attention is concentrated predominately on how decisions about the issues concern the General Meeting as the highest body of the limited liability company, i.e. which requirements, procedures and limitations have to be complied with according to the law. The intent is to point out all the areas within the subject matter of this thesis that are ambiguous or the areas without any consistent view on them for any reason including providing with my own commentary or opinion of a possible solution. The essential part of the thesis is an analysis of a current practice of higher courts of the Czech Republic related to the subject matter of the thesis. The purpose of the first chapter is to introduce briefly the issue of the competencies of the General meeting to the reader. Its content is focused mostly on determination of a position of the General Meeting within the limited liability company comparing to the other bodies of the company. The second chapter is concentrated on defining the term competence, the...
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Construction and Technological Preparation of the Transport Terminal in Pec pod Sněžkou
Černý, Jiří ; Jílek, Jan (referee) ; Mohapl, Martin (advisor)
The diploma thesis solves construction and technological preparation of the transport terminal in Pec pod Sněžkou. The content of the diploma thesis is a techical report on the construction technology project, the coordination situation, the time and financial schedule, the project of building site, selection of machines, time schedule for the main building object, plan for securing material resources for the main building of the transport terminal, technological prescription and inspection and test plan for monolithic ceiling structures. Another assignment part contains a plan for safety and health protection at work on the construction site and specialized topic is a noise study.
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Ethical codes of non-medical health professions focusing on ambulance service workers
Černý, Jiří ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Vurm, Vladimír (referee)
Ethical codes of non-medical health professions focusing on ambulance service workers ABSTRACT A sharp increase of number of the codes of ethics in all fields of human activity is the trend of current ethical education. The dissertation is oriented (focuses) on the question of the necessity or the suitability of codes of ethics for ambulance services (Emergency Ambulance Services and Non- emergency patient transport services). The introductory theoretical part defines the range of medical transport professions that are the subjects of research. There are introduce the theoretical bases of healthcare professions. The historical part of the dissertation is focused on the development of a medical transport with an emphasis on ethical principles in the work of emegency and nonemergency ambulance services. The theory that the direct precursors of code of ethics can be promises, oaths, orders, statutes, instructions, recommendations and similar written or unwritten documents containing ethical principles that include challenges to help others and the demands of collegiallity, respect, honesty or virtuous life was confirmed. In the work is also mentions some ethical problems and dilemmas in the work in the ambulance services. The content of the practical part of dissertation is research study on the question of...
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Nucleic Acid Geometry Standards
Schramlová, Barbora ; Černý, Jiří (advisor) ; Dohnálek, Jan (referee)
IV Abstract Nucleic acids (NA) are biochemical macromolecular substances essential for all living organisms - their function is to store genetic information and control the process of protein biosynthesis. Nucleic acids are composed of polynucleotide chains. According to the composition of these, we distinguish two basic types of nucleic acids: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). Based on the internal nucleotide sequence and external interactions, these chains are formed into different spatial conformations. At the dinucleotide level, these conformations are described and classified by so-called classes of dinucleotide conformers - NtC. The X-ray crystallography method has been used for over 50 years to reveal the three- dimensional structures of biological macromolecules. The principle of this is the interaction of X-rays with the electron cloud of atoms in the crystal. Atomic positions are then determined based on the calculated electron density. However, with the resolution available for most macromolecular crystals, these crystallographic data are not sufficient to derive a chemically acceptable structure, so stereochemical restraints apply. Stereochemical restraints are dictionaries describing specific bond lengths, bond angles, torsion angles, planes, and chirality. Using these...
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