National Repository of Grey Literature 311 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Functional Ultrastructure of Hymenopteran Stingers: Devastating Spear or Delicate Syringe
ČERNÝ, Jan
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a micro-serrated edge on the honey bee Apis mellifera stinger tip serves as a tool for more intensive crushing of cell membranes in the victim's tissues. This could have mechanical consequences as well as initiate metabolic pathways linked to cell membrane breakdown (e.g., production of biogenic amines). Accordingly, we found that hymenopteran species that use their stingers as an offensive or defensive weapon to do as much damage to the victim's body as possible had this cuticular microstructure. In parasitic hymenopterans, on the other hand, this structure was missing, as stingers are solely used to delicately transport venom to the victim's body in order to do little mechanical harm. We also demonstrated that the stinger lancets of the honey bee A. mellifera are living organs with sensilla innervated by sensory neurons and containing other essential tissues, rather than mere cuticular structures.
Maternal allergy status has no impact on neonatal immune responses to allergen stimuli
Lohonková, Adéla ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
The alarming increasing incidence of allergic diseases leads to the effort to identify the group of markers with prognostic potential pointing reliably to an allergy development at a later age. Identification of such marker or a group of markers pointing to a higher risk of developing an allergy would allow early implementation of preventive measures to block further development of the allergic disease. Umbilical cord blood appears to be the ideal biological material for the search for prognostic markers that are suitable for further study. The ability of umbilical cord blood cells to respond to stimulation by common allergens by producing cytokines according to a pattern dependent on the allergic status of the mother could be the predictive feature sought. The presented study focuses on the determination of cytokines typical for Th1- : interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Th2-: interleukin 5, interleukin 13 (IL-5, IL-13) a regulatory T cells (Tregs): interleukin 10 (IL-10) immunity responses at the level of gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) followed by determination of the protein production itself in the cell culture supernatant. Newborns were divided into two groups according to the allergic status of their mothers: children of healthy mothers (newborns with a...
Establishment and characterization of mouse tumor cell line with irreversible downregulation of MHC class I molecules
Lhotáková, Karolína ; Poláková, Ingrid (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Malignant diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide and the most common reason is the ability of tumor cells to escape the immune system. One of the main mechanisms used by tumors to avoid the immune response is downregulation of MHCI expression. In this thesis, the preparation of tumor cell line with irreversible downregulation of B2m is described. Inactivation of B2m was confirmed by flow cytometry. However, MHCI heavy chain H2-Db were expressed at the cell surface in a small amount after stimulation with IFNγ. In vitro proliferation of this clone was decreased. The tumor formation was delayed, and this effect was mediated by NK cells that played the major role in antitumor immunity. Metastatic activity of these cells was not affected after inactivation of B2m. TC-1/dB2m cells are not sensitive to DNA immunization. In combined immunotherapy experiments with DNA vaccinaton and ODN1826 adjuvant, a weak deceleration of tumor growth was achieved repeatedly. TC-1/dB2m induced tumors contained more CD4+ T lymphocytes, Treg, γδ T lymfocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and fewer NK cells and macrophages than tumors induced by original TC-1 cells. Moreover, combined immunotherapy did not increase the infiltration of the TC-1/dB2m tumors with immune cells. The TC-1/dB2m tumor cell line...
The effect of amyloid beta on viability of selected neuropathogens: challenging the infectious hypothesis of Alzheimer disease
Vosála, Ondřej ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, affecting millions of individuals. Researchers have identified amyloid beta (A ) as the primary agent responsible for neuropathogenicity, but the factors triggering its overproduction remain uncertain. An relatively new theory, known as the infectious hypothesis, sheds light on this phenomenon by associating the excess production of A with its potential role as an antimicrobial peptide-an element of the innate immune response against neuroinfections. This hypothesis posits a transition from acute physiological overproduction during neuroinfection to a chronically dysregulated and pathological process targeting both pathogens and neural tissue. So far, experimental evidence supporting this theory has been primarily obtained through studies involving viruses or bacteria. Aim of this study was to investigate the role of multicellular pathogens in stimulating A overproduction and, on the other hand, A role in elimination of such infections. Toxocara canis was chosen as a main model of neuropathogenic parasite. Although successful infections were achieved in BALB/c mice, there was no observable increase in A production even after 16 weeks of infection. To further challenge the survivability of Toxocara larvae in increased A concentration in...
What is "climate change"? The negotiation of meaning in current discourse
Černý, Jan ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Vachková, Marie (referee)
In this paper will be investigated what is the actual meaning of climate change (Klimawandel). Since it is a problem of semiotic nature, Peirce's conception of the sign, especially the assignation of signifier to the signified, will be taken as a starting point. This is the fundamental principle of the pragmatic approach to meaning (negotiation of meaning). Language corpora and lexical feature maps (SOMs) are used to analyze the language context of climate change (Klimawandel). It will be examined how meaning is currently defined in dictionaries of the German language. Texts from politics, industry and science are analyzed to shed light on the process of negotiating of meaning in these contexts. This paper also aims to make a general contribution to the discussion on climate change.
Noncanonical functions of IL-1α
Novák, Josef ; Pospíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee) ; Brdička, Tomáš (referee)
1α (IL 1α) is a multifunctional cytokine 1α is 1α independent on the receptor sig 1α is responsible for 1α to the plasma membrane. 1α activates express κB, binds to 1α 1α 1α to the plasma membrane 1α to signal 1α is required for membrane 1α exter 1α anchoring 1α 1α 1α with tumor suppressor p53 following genotoxic stress is further described in human cell 1α coloca
Comparison of manual laser and TIG welding
Černý, Jan ; Sigmund, Marian (referee) ; Kubíček, Jaroslav (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of TIG welding methods (141) and unconventional methods of manual laser welding (51) of thin sheets of stainless steel X5CrNi 18-10. The goal of the thesis is to determine the difference in quality between the selected methods on the welds made and to develop a technical and economic evaluation. At the beginning of the diploma thesis, a literary study is analyzed with a focus on the principle of individual welding methods, possible defects arising during welding and the weldability of individual types of stainless steels. In the experimental part, the design of the experiment is discussed, which consisted in welding samples of selected weld joints using individual technologies. The welds were then evaluated using non-destructive and destructive tests. Finally, the economic evaluation of both technologies and the return of the equipment were also calculated.
Creation of a large-scale thematic map in the locality of Moravské Málkovice
Černý, Jan ; Šváb,, Tomáš (referee) ; Kalvoda, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with creating thematic map of northern edge of village Moravské Málkovice. Theoretical part contains map definition, division and basic characteristics of thematic map. Furthermore, measurement methods used in field work are briefly explained here. In the practical part, the procedure of creating a thematic map is described in detail, starting with preparatory work and the choice of measurement tools, through data collection in the field, and ending with the final processing. The main output of the work is a thematic map in a scale of 1:500, made with a third-class precision.
The role of the interaction of LCK with CD4/CD8 coreceptors
Cesneková, Michaela ; Štěpánek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
LCK kinase is an essential regulator of T-cell signalling that interacts with CD4 and CD8 coreceptors, which are crucial for T-cell development and T-cell lineage commitment. Their role, as well as the role of their interaction with LCK in the peripheral T cells, remains disputable, despite being studied for decades. This thesis aims to investigate the importance of LCK-coreceptor interaction in CD8+ T cell signalling and development and to determine the significance of the serine residues in LCK-mediated CD4 endocytosis. We used LCK variants bearing mutations of the coreceptor binding site or its catalytic domain in both mice and cell lines to solve this perplexity. First, the enzymatic activity of LCK variants was evaluated in this thesis. Second, we demonstrate that the function of CD8 is both, LCK-CD8 interaction dependent and independent. Then we examined the late stage of CD8+ T cell development, showing that the absence of the interaction has very mild consequences. It affects only the response of post- selection CD8 single-positive, but not double-positive, thymocytes to sub-optimal antigenic stimulation. Finally, we observed that CD4 with the mutation of all three intracellular serines to alanines shows similar LCK-dependency as wild type CD4. Overall, this study sheds light on the...
Prevention of cellular aging in vitro
Kubovčák, Matej ; Černý, Jan (advisor) ; Ryšánek, David (referee)
This bachelor thesis explores foundational components of the aging process and their importance in cell culture systems. Signaling pathways controlling these processes are discussed, and several attractive targets were identified to be potentially developed as interventions. Aging is described within the evolutionary paradigm to provide a global framework for understanding the various aging processes and their explanation. Several models in nature were found to provide evidence that aging interventions can be successful and could therefore serve as a source of inspiration. Immunological context is provided to underline its importance in vivo, and the immune system-specific longevity mechanisms are elucidated for potential exploitation. Loss of cellular identity is identified as an essential detrimental factor in cell culture and is connected to the foundational aging mechanisms. This thesis can serve as a stepping stone for conducting research on better cultivation methodologies, thereby opening doors to technologies such as cultivated meat and bioartificial organs requiring unprecedented cell expansion. Keywords aging, aging reversal, cellular identity, in vitro cultures, stemness

National Repository of Grey Literature : 311 records found   1 - 10nextend  jump to record:
See also: similar author names
69 ČERNÝ, Jan
4 ČERNÝ, Jaroslav
32 ČERNÝ, Jiří
3 ČERNÝ, Josef
42 Černý, Jakub
69 Černý, Jan
1 Černý, Jan Bc.
4 Černý, Jan Karel
2 Černý, Jan,
1 Černý, Jaromír
4 Černý, Jaroslav
4 Černý, Jindřich
32 Černý, Jiří
3 Černý, Josef
2 Černý, Jáchym
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