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Přibík Jeníšek z Újezda, clerk from the time after the White mountain battle
Bacík, Radek ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kubeš, Jiří (referee)
Přibík Jeníšek from Újezd (1580?-1651) belonged to small knight aristocrats, who were in the time before the battle of White mountain innumerable. He was born in the west Bohemian fortress Svrčovec as the fourth of the five brothers. His chances to get the good inheritance were very poor. Thaťs why he looked for alternative way to become socially more important. He found as the best the career of clerk in the Bohemian provincial machinery of government. Under the supervision of his uncle Jan from Klenova and Janovice, the highest scrivener, he affected at first as counselor of the court of the highest office of the burgraver of Prague (1611- 1616) and then in the Office of Tabulare Terrae as the minor scrivener (1616-1618). During this time he was able to follow the exacerbation of the situation between the monarch and the noblemen which was denominationally divided.
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Criminality and law in the New Town of Prague in the year 1586
Hladík, Ondřej ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fejtová, Olga (referee)
Při každodenní práci zabývající se historií vězeňství jsem si začal klást otázku jak se v průběhu staletí měnila kriminalita a způsob boje proti ní. S tím samozřejmě souvisí i další problémy, mezi něž patří způsob vyšetřování spáchaného deliktu, zatčení zločince, soudní řízení a nelze vynechat ani tresty ukládané viníkům. Obzvláště podoba postihu pachatele doznala z pohledu současného člověka výrazných změn. Dnes běžný kratší či delší pobyt ve vězení nebýval chápán jako náležitá odplata - právě posun významu trestu z ff pomsty" za prožité bezpráví na snahu o nápravu provinilce lze považovat za jeden z nejdůležitějších momentů v dějinách vězeňství. Avšak k tomu došlo až v rámci reforem soudnictví v polovině 19. století, přičemž nelze opomenout zásluhy katolického kněze a prvního vězeňského učitele Františka Josefa Řezáče, který již roku 1852 vydal vlastním nákladem důležitý spis, jenž se zabývá zásadami práce s vězni.1 Nicméně zásadním okamžikem vedoucím k zájmu o městskou kriminalitu v předbělohorských Čechách byla exkurze do Archivu hlavního města Prahy, kde je mimo jiné uložen také soubor knih svědomí ze všech čtyř pražských měst zac hycujících toto období. Jejich obsahem jsou zápisy svědeckých výpovědí k deliktům, které se odehrály v pražských ulicích. Právě tento, téměř bezprostřední, kontakt s...
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Glasshouses of Buquoy
Vojtěchová, Blanka ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bareš, Jiří (referee)
This work concems the history of glassworks and glashouses in the region of South Bohemia - Novohradské hory - on the border with Austria. Glassmakers worked here over 500 years, since Middle Age until the beginning of the 20th century. There were many generations of glassmasters, glassmakers, refiners ant others and others in the manufactures and later in the factories. The period before the half of the 18th century. It was the time of first Middle Age Glasshouses in the 14th and 15th century, the time ofthe renaissance glassworks and first baroque glassworks. There had been an excellent glassworks in Wilhelmberg, near Heilbronn, in the Gratzen domain, founded by the Rosenbergs about 1580s. At that time, glassmakers came to this region maybe from Italy and later sure from France. The most importent figure of The period since half of the 18th century, the period of founding of new glassworks in Novohradské hory. During 40 years 8 glassworks were founded. On the beginning, the most famous period of glassworks began here when the Count Georg Franz Buquoy found new glass material - black, later red, hyalite and took all glassworks in the region under his direkt ownership. There where 6 glassworks in the first half of the 19th century. After death of Georg Franz Buquoy began slowly dec1ine of glassworks In...
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The Alchemy like the Gate to Luck
Erös, Roman ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
Synopsis The aim of this Bachelor thesis is not rendered and reveal the alchymist procedures, but rather to know the thinking of the alchemists and their destinies, because not all of them were con artists who would like to share the fraudulent ways and so enrich at the expense of its surroundings. A few of them not only made money, but even borrowed, and eventually ended up in prison. Most of them really believe in their dreams of actinide transmutation and extending the life and the other on the contrary, have ceased to believe in the miracle of riches by using the transmutation and rather started to think about whether something like that is possible and then go back to the top. And it was actually the beginning of the inquiry and that of the beginning of a new scientific discipline and chemistry. Of course, that together with the effort of the alchemists of actinide transmutation of metals, and search for the stone is associated and the destinies of famous players of this science and it, from the founder of the Herma Trismegistose to the present, because the dream of the alchemists is not foreign or today's man.
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Non-Catholics in the domaine of Trebic in the 17th and 18th century
Honč, Petr ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Petráček, Tomáš (referee)
This research is primarily focused on the non-Catholic population in the domain of Trebic in the 17th and 18th century. A brief summary of the previous religious development in the above mentioned domain during the Reformation period and Thirty Years' War enables us to prove, that falling apart of the confessional identity had already been registered before the beginning of systematic recatholisation. Until then, the domain of Trebic had been a favourite refuge for the refugees from Bohemia. The description of the process of recatholisation in the town of Třebíč and villages of its domain is one of the key topics of this research. Another focus of this work is to demonstrate the contribution of the parish network in the frame of the Třebic's deanship, which was a key success factor for the recatholisation process. A second main topic, and a core issue of this work, is the situation in the domain after the October 1781, when Joseph II. put into effect the Edict of Tolerance. The emphasis is put on the adhesion of non-Catholics to one of the Protestant confessions tolerated by the State and on the challenges emerged as a follow-up. A rupture between Protestants regarding the choice between the Augsburg and Helvetic Confession almost ended hopes for their own congregation.
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Monasteries in Danger. Disputes about Liquidation of Czech and Moravian Monasteries of the "Old Orders" in the Period before the Battle of White Mountain
Chládek, Oldřich ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; x, (referee)
Liquidation of monasteries in the era of Reformations is a phenomenon which has been studied only to a certain level. There were very many cases of abolished or liquidated monasteries. The author concentrates only on two cases (Augustinian canonries in Kłodzko and Olomouc) where efforts to liquidate a monastery were met with resistance from the community or monastic structures. It is a multilayered topic, requiring a thorough analysis. Due to the fact that these disputes were interfered by a number of influential personalities (supreme provincial officials, nuncios, bishops, superiors of monastic orders etc.), it represents an ideal material to study the relationships within the high society in the era before the Battle of White Mountain. Besides the high politics we can also focus on other aspects - such as legal arguments of the conflicting parties or linguistic, art historical or theological layer. After research not only in Czech, but also in foreign archives (e.g. Rome, Kraków, Kłodzko, Wrocław, Vienna), the author refills or corrects older conclusions (Jan Tenora, Aloys Bach etc.). He also tries to verify the theory that within the Catholic Church those monasteries were abolished which were - in the economic and also spiritual layer - in a state of deep crisis.
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The life of a baroque noblewoman. Sylvie Kateřina the countess Černínová, born Caretto-Millesimo
Boháčová, Veronika ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Milan (referee)
This work dwells with some aspects of life of Sylvie Kateřina, countess of Černín born Caretto- Millesimo (1606- 1664). Most important of used sources are edition of Sylvia's correspondence with her husband Heřman Černín from Chudenice (1576- 1651) and edition of correspondence between Zuzana Černínová and her son Humprecht Jan. Crux ofthe work is the period of marriage of Sylvia Kateřina and count Černín. The period after his death and her second marriage is mentioned only in suggestions. The work pursues at first Sylvia's relationships, precisely to the part that was constituted by the members ofhouse Caretto- Millesimo and Černín. Sylvia's father died very early and her relationship with mother was marked by mother' s emigration to S axony. Sylvia often met with her sister Olympia Kateřina and a good relationship has also developed between Olympia and Heřman. He and Sylvia were in touch with Olympia's husband Filip Count Magnis and also with his brother František. lnto Sylvia's relationship web belonged also her other sister (Ester Magdalena) and at least one brother. The question, if she had another brother than Karel Leopold, with whom she was also in touch, wasn't answered satisfactory. Sylvia accentuated on her original family, respective the Caretoo- Millesimo house. ln her testament she bequeathed...
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Matrimonial causes at the Utraquist Consistory of Kutná Hora in the second half of the 16th century till the beginning of the 17th century (with the regard to the same disputes in the Utraquist Consistory of Prague)
Krupková, Hana ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
The main topic of this thesis are problems of married life of a man and a woman, their mutual conflicts and the question of attitude of the society of that period to the marriage. The most important source for this work were the files of the Utraquist Consistory of Kutná Hora. In this work we also find a brief description of the history of this consistory. Their beginnings date back to the early 16th century and it finished its activities more or less in the year 1622. We focused our attention on the formation and the development of the marriage, both from the general point of view and its legal regulations in Bohemia. We described the efforts of the Church to bring under its domination decisions in the affairs of marriage. Only after the ecclesiastic council of Trentino ( which proclaimed the sacred character of the marriage, acceptance of the sacrament of marriage in the presence of a priest ) marriage and married life started to be understood as significant religious sacraments. Still in the 16th century only the marriage vow - between partners - was primary. After it, the marriage was considered as concluded. Religious blessing was only secondary. There were common cases when pregnant young women sued men for breaking the marriage vow. Only now they tried to maintain their honour and enter into the...
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Population list according to religious belief in the domaine of Trutnov
Tomková, Adéla ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zahradník, Pavel (referee)
The main subject of this work is to analyse demographic, social and religious trends in the domain of Trutnov after the end of the Thirty Years' War. For this purpose I made use of the Population list according to religious belief from 1651, as a primary resource, which allows a deeper understanding of the state of affairs at the Trutnov domain. As the origin of this List is closely related to the recatholisation efforts, in the initial part of my work , I presented a brief introduction to the religious development at the domain in the post - Battle of White Mountain period. In my work I focused mainly on the analysis of some demographic indicators such as stratification of society based upon age, age difference between spouses or sex ratio. In relation to the religious belief of Trutnov's residents I focused also on the adoption of non-Catholic belief by their children, who not always shared their parents' faith. The last part of my thesis deals with the number of domesticsand their sex distribution, as well as with the role of crafts, suffering from the negative impact of the Thirty Years' War. For this task I used the tax register "Berní rula" for comparison.
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