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Alternating paths in colored point sets in convex position
Papáčková, Marie Guadalupe ; Valtr, Pavel (advisor) ; Soukup, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of the longest alternating paths in colored point sets in a convex position, especially in point sets with n red and n blue points. The aim of the thesis is to summarize the main results in this area and put them in context. First, we present the basic concepts and the algorithm for finding the longest alternating path on a specific point set. We express l(n), the largest number such that for each arrangement of 2n points with n red and n blue points, there is an alternating path of at least l(n). We show the connection of l(n) to the problem of the largest separated matching. We present the most important lower and upper bounds of l(n), including the best ones published so far. Finally, we generalize the problem for multicolored point sets and show the related problem about (anti)palindromic subsequences of binary circular words.
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Convex polygons in density-restricted point sets
Zálešák, Ondřej ; Valtr, Pavel (advisor) ; Balko, Martin (referee)
For A, a finite set of points in Rd , let ∆(A) denote the spread of A and be equal to the ratio of the maximum and the minimum distance of two points from A. Valtr (1992) proved that for sets of points in the plane with spread equal to Θ(n 1 2 ), the cardinality of the largest subset in convex position is Θ(n 1 3 ) in the worst case. The same article also contains an expanded upper bound on the guaranteed cardinality of subsets in convex position for sets with spread asymptotically higher than n 1 2 , and a brief construction for the proof. This thesis looks at this construction in detail. Furthermore it builds on the recent results for sets in higher dimensions, specifically discusses, whether it is possible to expand the upper bound in three-dimensional space for higher spreads with a similar technique as in the planar case. 1 Seznam použité literatury Valtr, P. (1992). Convex independent sets and 7-holes in restricted planar point sets. Discrete & Computational Geometry, 7(2), 135-152. 2
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Representations and Visualization of Graphs
Štola, Jan ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor) ; Valtr, Pavel (referee) ; Wood, David (referee)
The 3D visibility (graph) drawing is a graph drawing in IR3 where vertices are represented by 2D sets placed into planes parallel to xy-plane and the edges correspond to z-parallel visibility among these sets. We continue the study of 3D visibility drawing of complete graphs by rectangles and regular polygons. We show that the maximum size of a complete graph with a 3D visibility drawing by regular n-gons is O(n4). This polynomial bound improves signifficantly the previous best known (exponential) bound 6n3 3n1 3 26n.We also provide several lower bounds. We show that the complete graph K2k+3 (resp. K4k+6) has a 3D visibility drawing by regular 2k-gons (resp.(2k + 1)-gons). We improve the best known upper bound on the size of a complete graph with a 3D visibility drawing by rectangles from 55 to 50. This result is based on the exploration of unimodal sequences of k-tuples of numbers. A sequence of numbers is unimodal if it rst increases and then decreases. A sequence of k-tuples of numbers is unimodal if it is unimodal in each component. We derive tight bounds on the maximum length of a sequence of k-tuples without a unimodal subsequence of length n. We show a connection between these results and Dedekind numbers, i.e., the numbers of antichains of a power set P(1; : : : ; k) ordered by inclusion.
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Konvexně nezávislé podmnožiny konečných množin bodů
Zajíc, Vítězslav ; Valtr, Pavel (advisor) ; Cibulka, Josef (referee)
Let fd(n), n > d ≥ 2, be the smallest positive integer such that any set of fd(n) points, in general position in Rd , contains n points in convex position. Let hd(n, k), n > d ≥ 2 and k ≥ 0, denote the smallest number with the property that in any set of hd(n, k) points, in general position in Rd , there are n points in convex position whose convex hull contains at most k other points. Previous result of Valtr states that h4(n, 0) does not exist for all n ≥ 249. We show that h4(n, 0) does not exist for all n ≥ 137. We show that h3(8, k) ≤ f3(8) for all k ≥ 26, h4(10, k) ≤ f4(10) for all k ≥ 147 and h5(12, k) ≤ f5(12) for all k ≥ 999. Next, let fd(k, n) be the smallest number such that in every set of fd(k, n) points, in general position in Rd , there are n points whose convex hull has at least k vertices. We show that, for arbitrary integers n ≥ k ≥ d + 1, d ≥ 2, fd(k, n) ≥ (n − 1) (k − 1)/(cd logd−2 (n − 1)) , where cd > 0 is a constant dependent only on the dimension d. 1
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Extremal combinatorics of matrices, sequences and sets of permutations
Cibulka, Josef ; Valtr, Pavel (advisor) ; Füredi, Zoltán (referee) ; Jelínek, Vít (referee)
Title: Extremal combinatorics of matrices, sequences and sets of permutations Author: Josef Cibulka Department: Department of Applied Mathematics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Pavel Valtr, Dr., Department of Applied Mathematics Abstract: This thesis studies questions from the areas of the extremal theory of {0, 1}-matrices, sequences and sets of permutations, which found many ap- plications in combinatorial and computational geometry. The VC-dimension of a set P of n-element permutations is the largest integer k such that the set of restrictions of the permutations in P on some k-tuple of positions is the set of all k! permutation patterns. We show lower and upper bounds quasiexponential in n on the maximum size of a set of n-element permutations with VC-dimension bounded by a constant. This is used in a paper of Jan Kynčl to considerably improve the upper bound on the number of weak isomorphism classes of com- plete topological graphs on n vertices. For some, mostly permutation, matrices M, we give new bounds on the number of 1-entries an n × n M-avoiding matrix can have. For example, for every even k, we give a construction of a matrix with k2 n/2 1-entries that avoids one specific k-permutation matrix. We also give almost tight bounds on the maximum number of 1-entries in matrices avoiding a fixed layered...
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Problems in discrete geometry
Patáková, Zuzana ; Matoušek, Jiří (advisor) ; Bárány, Imre (referee) ; Valtr, Pavel (referee)
of doctoral thesis Problems in discrete geometry Zuzana Patáková This thesis studies three different questions from discrete geometry. A common theme for these problems is that their solution is based on algebraic methods. First part is devoted to the polynomial partitioning method, which par- titions a given finite point set using the zero set of a suitable polynomial. However, there is a natural limitation of this method, namely, what should be done with the points lying in the zero set? Here we present a general version dealing with the situation and as an application, we provide a new algorithm for the semialgebraic range searching problem. In the second part we study Ramsey functions of semialgebraic predi- cates. Conlon, Fox, Pach, Sudakov, and Suk constructed the first examples of semialgebraic predicates with the Ramsey function bounded from below by a tower function. We reduce the dimension of the ambient space in their construction and as a consequence, we provide a new geometric Ramsey-type theorem with a large Ramsey function. Last part is devoted to reptile simplices. A simplex S is k-reptile if it can be tiled by k simplices with disjoint interiors that are all mutually congruent and similar to S. We show that four-dimensional k-reptile simplices can exist only for k = m2 , where m ≥ 1...
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Ramseyova teorie a kombinatorické hry
Valla, Tomáš ; Nešetřil, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Valtr, Pavel (referee)
Ramsey theory studies the internal homogenity of mathematical structures (graphs, number sets), parts of which (subgraphs, number subsets) are arbitrarily coloured. Often, the sufficient object size implies the existence of a monochromatic sub-object. Combinatorial games are 2-player games of skill with perfect information. The theory of combinatorial games studies mostly the questions of existence of winning or drawing strategies. Let us consider an object that is studied by a particular Ramsey-type theorem. Assume two players alternately colour parts of this object by two colours and their goal is to create certain monochromatic sub-object. Then this is a combinatorial game. We focus on the minimum object size such that the appropriate Ramsey-type theorem holds, called Ramsey number, and on the minimum object size such that the rst player has a winning strategy in the corresponding combinatorial game, called game number. In this thesis, we describe such Ramsey-type theorems where the Ramsey number is substantially greater than the game number. This means, we show the existence of rst player's winning strategies, zogether with Ramsey and game numbers upper bounds, and we compare both numbers.
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Chromatic invariants in graph drawing
Štola, Jan ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor) ; Valtr, Pavel (referee)
This paper studies the question: What is the maximum integer kb,n such that every kb,n-colorable graph has a b-bend n-din1ensional orthogonal box drawing? We give an exact answer for the orthogonal line drawing in all dimensions and for the 3-dimensional rectangle visibility representation. We present an upper and lower bound for the 3-dimensional orthogonal drawing by rectangles and general boxes. Particularly, we improve the best known upper bound for the 3-dimensional orthogonal box drawing from 183 to 42 and the lower bound from 3 to 22. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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