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The structure and model development of relict pine stands in the NNR Adršpašsko-teplické skály.
Šimonová, Berenika ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Miroslav, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the structure and evolution model of relict stands of pine forests in the NPR Adršpašsko-teplické skály. Measurements were performed on four permanent research plots. These were established in the past and have dimensions 50 x 50 meters. By using Field-Map technology were recorded locations of all individuals of tree layer, natural regeneration, the position of stumps and dead wood in these areas. By the direct measurement were recorded growth characteristics. The measured data were evaluated by mathematical-statistical methods. The resulting data were used to assess the structure and for prediction of development of the undergrowth as the basis for the creation of nature-friendly management in similar habitat and vegetation conditions of natural pine forests.
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Structure, development and growing spruce-beech stands in the western Giant Mountains
Bulušek, Daniel ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
The subject of dissertation is to evaluate the structure, development and silviculture spruce-beech stands in the western Giant Mountains and design of differentiated silviculture of these stand in similar environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the structure of trees natural regeneration and the structure of tree layer, evaluate their current development and to predict future developments and based on detailed analysis of habitat and stand conditions to propose a framework directive management of the studied stands and stands located in similar habitat and stand conditions in the Giant Mountains. For this purpose were used primarily permanent research plots (PRP) 1, 2, 8, 9 and 35 with the dimensions of 50 × 50 m, which were established and regularly monitored since 1980 (PRP 1, 2, 8 and 9), PRP 35 were established in 2004 and a number of other sub-plots. For the evaluation of natural regeneration was on each research plot marked transects 50 × 5 m (250 m2). Measurement of the natural regeneration included all individuals present at the individual transects, whose diameter breast-height diameter was smaller than 7 cm. After measuring all the data was evaluated spatial, species, height and thickness structure. To evaluate the tree layer were measured all individuals on permanent research plot with breast-height diameter greater or equal than 7 cm. The measured data were subsequently evaluated by mathematical-statistical methods. Visualization of the tree layer and development simulation was performed using the growth simulator biodynamic of forest SIBYLA. The results show that the structure stands was on individual permanent research plots very variable. Variability occurred in natural regeneration even within individual transects. Significant differences are evident in the development of stands that provide space for a wide range of near natural differentiated care within of stands type and individual types and subtypes of forest development.
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Possible solutions to the restoration of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosuregame-park
Ambrož, Robin ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Igor, Igor (referee)
Possible solutions to the restoration of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosure -- this is a problem that generations of foresters in the Křivoklátsko region have been faced with. The restoration has often been postponed; as a result, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of such stands in the game enclosure. Currently, almost a third of the game enclosure is covered by stands, predominantly beech, older than 160 years, and the suggestions on how to restore these stands are by no means unified, not only within the framework of the relevant authorities, but also among the management of the Lány forestry administration. In the past, the disintegration of stands in the highest age class was dealt with by a massive planting of large-sized plants in the whole area of the game enclosure, which has brought and will continue to bring about a remarkable increase in the forest protection costs. The aim of this PhD thesis is to answer the questions concerning the restoration of the local beech stands and to propose a solution that would be efficient in the long term. The basic questions have been phrased as follows: In what condition are the extensive large-sized plant plantings? What is the number of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosure and what will their future development be? Are these stands still capable of producing a sufficient number of beech seeds to ensure successful natural regeneration? In what way should we restore these overmature forest stands? How should we protect them from the game damage? It was necessary to find some of the answers within the framework of intermediate scientific tasks; however, the finding of a conceptual solution to the restoration of the game enclosure remained the main goal of this work. To fulfil the goals of this thesis, it was necessary to perform the inventory of large-sized plant plots; it was found out that the total number of individuals planted in the Lány game enclosure until the end of 2011 was 28,994 at 840 plots. The plantings established in 2011 were surveyed as to their vitality and height increment between the years 2011 and 2014. In 2015, a sample was selected on which the condition of the root system was analysed according to the type of a container used for the raising of large-sized plants. It is evident from the results that despite considerable investment in fencing, the large-sized plant plantings are very often damaged by game and have to be repeatedly reinforced. The root system analysis revealed that a significant number of individuals show serious root system deformations. Consequently, the optimization of large-sized plant planting was proposed. The condition of the beech stands at PRP was ascertained with the aid of the FieldMap technology; the stand development prediction was carried out by the growth simulator SIBYLA. The verification of the fertility of the overmature beech stands took place at smaller plots demarcated within PRP. The results show that the occurrence of game eliminates natural regeneration in these stands; thus, it is necessary to find a way which will not be only efficient, but also economical. The fertility verification proved that despite their advanced age, the beech stands preserve their ability to produce seed material, which could be used for regeneration under a shelterwood. Finally, a model regeneration block presenting two possible reproduction methods (with maximum utilization of natural regeneration and accelerated one) was designed on the basis of both the differentiation of the game enclosure and the localization of stands with the highest degree of regeneration urgency.
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The structure of native pine stands in eastern Bohemia.
Marková, Kateřina ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Miroslav, Miroslav (referee)
Abstract
This work deals with the issue of the structure of pine stands also in Europe with a focus on natural forests in the Czech Republic and, in particular, in Eastern Bohemia. The work shows the characteristics of the area of interest Třebechovické the Board and in the NPR Adršpach-Teplice Rocks, and in particular the site and stand conditions. The goal is to acquire knowledge about the structure and evolution of the natural pines in Eastern Bohemia, focusing, in particular, n poor acidified in the bory Třebechovické boards and relict pine forests in the NPR Adršpach-Teplice Rocks. For measurements in the field system was used by the Field-Map, the biometric characteristics are measured stand (the stem thickness, height of trees, the height of the deployment the Green Crown, Crown projection, the location of the trees in the shade), the position of the dead wood and from them created situational maps of the areas. The results obtained will serve primarily as the basis for the creation of the nature of the middle management in pine stands in a similar site and stand conditions.
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Natural regeneration of beech stands as the upper limits of its expansion in the western Krkonoše Mts.
Petráňová, Agáta ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Otakar, Otakar (referee)
This thesis is about natural regeneration of beech stands in the western Krkonoše Mountains. It is focused on the I. zone area of the Krkonoše National Par. The measuring and data collection took place on three permanent research plots in the Horní Mísečky area. All individuals of natural regeneration with the diameter of the stem smaller than 4 cm were taken into account. The stands are diverse according to the structure and also according to the species. The stadium of regrowth is on the research plots represented mainly by younger individuals of the beech regeneration. This stadium overlaps the stadium of decline.
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Natural regeneration of mixed stands in the western Krkonoše Mts.
Prokůpková, Anna ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Otakar, Otakar (referee)
The main topic is natural regeneration of mixed stands in the western Krkonoše Mts focused on Dolní Mísečky. Theoretical part is concerned with problematic of natural regeneration, static stability of forest tree species and stands, characteristic of forest species, which occur on pernament plots and with a description of the area. Practical part deals with the measurement and data acquisition. Measurement take a part in I.zone of National Park in Giant Mts. At each plot was defined transect of size 50x5m. Pernament plots were choosen on places with a natural regeneration of european beech, but also with another forest species. Natural regeneration depends on microclimate conditions at the sites. Stands create stable forest ecosystem, in spite of negative factors.
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Conversion of forests to more natural composition in Western Krkonoše Mts.
Blomerová, Sabina ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Otakar , Otakar (referee)
This work deals with the development of forest conversion to more natural track, especially in the 5th to 7th forest vegetation in the western part of the Giant mountain. The measurements were subjected to all individuals of silver fir (Abies alba) in the first tier on four permanent research plots. The work also deals with the structure and evolution of vegetation on TVP since the middle of the last century to the present, where it tries to transform the management and structure of forest stands.
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Structure and development of natural and combined regeneration in spruce stands affected by bark beetle disturbances in the Šumava Mts.
Dorko, Jakub ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with structure, progress and dynamics of mountain spruce forests in areas afflicted by large bark beetle gradation in area of National Park Bohemian Forest, specifically in the municipality of Modrava. The research was carried out on 9 permanent research plots and it was based on evaluation of structure of the forest reconstruction, height measurement and increments of each individuial tree of natural reconstruction. The measurement was made in autumn 2015. 3 plots of those 9 permanent research plots were situated in forest clearing and the rest in dead forest. Combination of natural and artifical restoration of forest was applied in these plots. Differences were found out in quantity and structre of reconstruction in connection with various stand types. It was discovered that in west oriented locations (PRP 1 to 6), the reconstruction prospers and grows quicker, compared with north orientation (PRP 7 to 9). The highest dimensions were reached by the reconstruction in the plots founded in the forest clearing, on the contrary the highest density of the reconstructon was discovered in the plots with dead forest. The highest value of average increment was discovered in PRP 4, which means in forest clearing where logging had been done.
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Structure and development of autochthonous beech stands in the Krkonoše Mts.
Hofman, Jakub ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Otakar, Otakar (referee)
This thesis deals with structure and natural regeneration of acidophylic mountain beech forest stand in the western part of the Giant Mountains.
Within the measurement of data for my thesis, I established four new permanent research plots in western part of Giant Mountains at LHC Harrachov, specifically it were plots: Dvoračky 1, Dvoračky 2, Dvoračky 3 and Dvoračky 4. Each of these permanent research plots was with dimensions 50 × 50 m (2500 m2). On each plot I measured all individuals with the diameter breast-height d1,3>12cm. For each individual were measured diameter breast-height, hight, hight of crown baze, crown projection and I numbered the trees. For each of the individuals I also measured coordinates X and Y (X along to fall line, Y on the contour line) to record their layout on the plot. Afterwards I marked out a transect with dimensions 5 × 50 m (250 m2) on the plot, in which I recorded all present viable individuals with the diameter breast-height up to 12 cm. I found out their coordinates X and Y, height and the width of the crown. For evaluation of the height-structure I divided the nature regeneration into the height classes. I also conducted on the permanent research plots pedologic and dednrochronological research. Within pedological research in each plot I dug soil pits and took samples from all soil horizons. The measured data were subsequently processed by the help of mathematical-statistical methods and pedological samples were analyzed in the laboratory of the research institute.
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