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Dynamics of cold regulated proteins during cold acclimation in cereals
Vítámvás, Pavel ; Prášil, Ilja (advisor) ; Honys, David (referee) ; Smýkal, Petr (referee)
The aim of this dissertation was to study the mechanism of cold acclimation via the dynamics of cold regulated proteins (such as WCS120 or DHN5) in different frost- tolerant wheat and barley cultivars. Mass spectrometry analysis of a total sample of proteins, soluble upon boiling, showed qualitative differences between cold-acclimated (e.g., 7 COR proteins) and non-acclimated (e.g., only 3 COR proteins) samples of the winter wheat Mironovskaya 808. Furthermore, by 2-DE or W-blot analysis, there were found quantitative differences in the accumulation of WCS120 proteins between cultivars, grown under different time, photoperiod, and/or temperature conditions. The higher levels of WCS120 proteins are associated with higher frost tolerance of cultivars, grown under constant and low temperature. However, the dynamics of WCS120 proteins during long-term cold-acclimation, with periods of de-acclimation and re- acclimation, demonstrated that plants with the same level of frost tolerance could be distinguished by the level of accumulation of the WCS120 proteins. These results indicated that developmental genes influence the ability to re-accumulate WCS120 proteins by the partial vernalization of plants, while the ability to induce high frost tolerance was only influenced by the saturation of vernalization....
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Transformation of potato with protease inhibitor gene SPI-2
Říhová, Barbora ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vítámvás, Pavel (referee)
The subject of my thesis was to genetically modify a potato for increased resistance against its pathogens and pests. In developing a resistant plant, it is quite common to use the same type of molecules that plants use themselves in their defense reactions. In this work I used the gene SPI-2 originating from a honeycomb moth (Galleria mellonella). The protein SPI-2 is a member of serine protease inhibitors. Since the previous attempts of the team to detect the protein in transformed plants haven't been successful, the basic form of the gene was modified by adding a Kozak sequence near the start codon, which should have increased the translation initiation and hence increase the level of the protein. Two constructs were prepared for the transformation: SPI-2-T a SPI-2-Y. They differ by one amino acid, which slightly changes their inhibitory activity. First, the construct SPI-2-T was used for a transient transformation of tobacco Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfiltration of its leaves. Then both constructs were used for a stable transformation of Solanum tuberosum cv. Desireé. The detection of the protein has not been successful, although the inserted gene was transcribed and his sequence was verified by sequencing. It is therefore most likely that the protein has a low stability in the cytoplasm....
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Morphological, physiological and proteomic changes of cereals under abiotic stress
Kantová, Anežka ; Vítámvás, Pavel (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
Cereals are among the oldest crops that have been grown and used by humans as important component of their diet. It is an important source of livelihood for the human population and have a wide range of uses, mainly in the food industry. Cereals generally serve as a source of energy in the diet, due to the high starch content. The most commonly grown types of cereals are especially wheat, barley, rye, rice, corn, but there may be other species such as oats and millet. However, even cereals do not avoid the problems associated with the action of abiotic stress factors. Their effect on all plants is manifested by a decrease in vitality, but in crops - such as cereals - mainly by a decrease in yield. Due to the reduction in yield, breeding of resistant cereal genotypes is now in the primary interest of breeders. This work summarizes the basic principles of the action of abiotic stress on plants and explains the reactions of various types of cereals to abiotic stress factors. Key words: proteome, physiology, cereals, abiotic stress, yield
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Physiological changes of cereals under temperature stress
Kantová, Anežka ; Vítámvás, Pavel (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
Cereals are among the oldest crops that have been grown and used by humans as important component of their diet. It is an important source of livelihood for the human population and have a wide range of uses, mainly in the food industry. Cereals generally serve as a source of energy in the diet, due to the high starch content. The most commonly grown types of cereals are especially wheat, barley, rye, rice, corn, but there may be other species such as oats and millet. However, even cereals do not avoid the problems associated with the action of abiotic stress factors. Their effect on all plants is manifested by a decrease in vitality, but in crops - such as cereals - mainly by a decrease in yield. Due to the reduction in yield, breeding of resistant cereal genotypes is now in the primary interest of breeders. This work summarizes the basic principles of the action of heat/cold stress on plants and explains the reactions of various types of cereals to these abiotic stress factors. Key words: proteome, physiology, cereals, temperature stres, yield, abiotic stres
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Reproduction of flowering plants and heat stress
Nedvědová, Kateřina ; Honys, David (advisor) ; Vítámvás, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is a review summarizing the effects of heat stress on the reproductive development of flowering plants and their tolerance mechanisms. Plants are continuously exposed to changing environmental conditions and ever-increasing temperatures. Reproduction, especially the development of the male gametophyte, is particularly sensitive to these changes. This leads to defective development, sterile pollen, and fewer seeds, which affects crop productivity and yield. Therefore, it is essential to understand these changes, and especially the tolerance mechanisms. Keywords: reproduction, flowering plants, heat stress, tolerance, male gametophyte, female gametophyte
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Morphological, physiological and proteomic changes of cereals under abiotic stress
Kantová, Anežka ; Vítámvás, Pavel (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
Cereals are among the oldest crops that have been grown and used by humans as important component of their diet. It is an important source of livelihood for the human population and have a wide range of uses, mainly in the food industry. Cereals generally serve as a source of energy in the diet, due to the high starch content. The most commonly grown types of cereals are especially wheat, barley, rye, rice, corn, but there may be other species such as oats and millet. However, even cereals do not avoid the problems associated with the action of abiotic stress factors. Their effect on all plants is manifested by a decrease in vitality, but in crops - such as cereals - mainly by a decrease in yield. Due to the reduction in yield, breeding of resistant cereal genotypes is now in the primary interest of breeders. This work summarizes the basic principles of the action of abiotic stress on plants and explains the reactions of various types of cereals to abiotic stress factors. Key words: proteome, physiology, cereals, abiotic stress, yield
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Resynthesis of oilseed rape from Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea
Klíma, Miroslav ; Hilgert-Delgado, Alois ; Ulvrová, Tereza ; Bryxová, Pavla ; Vítámvás, Pavel ; Prášil, Ilja Tom ; Kosová, Klára
In order to extend the variability of the genofond, so-called resynthesis can be used, when new genotypes are created by crossing selected Brassica rapa and B. oleracea, by early isolation of immature embryos from young eggs and their in vitro fertilization (Hilgert-Delgado et al., 2015). It has been shown that resyntetized genotypes are distinct from rape materials grown at present (Sosnowska et al., 2010), so that they can serve as a source of new variability in breeding programs focusing on cytoplasmic and pollen sterility, resistance to pathogens and tolerance to stresses (Warwick et al., 2009). Representatives of the initial components are characterized by wide variability in terms of morphology and agronomic characteristics, and are a prospective source of heterosis and other traits (Wu et al. The use of resyntetized genotypes for the direct production of rapeseed varieties is not possible due to the poor quality of the seed of these materials. It is mainly the high content of glucosinolates and erucic acid, typical of most of the initial components (Jesske et al., 2013). However, the required properties can be transferred by crossing to conventional breeding materials (Hilgert-Delgado et al., 2017).
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Dynamics of cold regulated proteins during cold acclimation in cereals
Vítámvás, Pavel ; Prášil, Ilja (advisor) ; Honys, David (referee) ; Smýkal, Petr (referee)
The aim of this dissertation was to study the mechanism of cold acclimation via the dynamics of cold regulated proteins (such as WCS120 or DHN5) in different frost- tolerant wheat and barley cultivars. Mass spectrometry analysis of a total sample of proteins, soluble upon boiling, showed qualitative differences between cold-acclimated (e.g., 7 COR proteins) and non-acclimated (e.g., only 3 COR proteins) samples of the winter wheat Mironovskaya 808. Furthermore, by 2-DE or W-blot analysis, there were found quantitative differences in the accumulation of WCS120 proteins between cultivars, grown under different time, photoperiod, and/or temperature conditions. The higher levels of WCS120 proteins are associated with higher frost tolerance of cultivars, grown under constant and low temperature. However, the dynamics of WCS120 proteins during long-term cold-acclimation, with periods of de-acclimation and re- acclimation, demonstrated that plants with the same level of frost tolerance could be distinguished by the level of accumulation of the WCS120 proteins. These results indicated that developmental genes influence the ability to re-accumulate WCS120 proteins by the partial vernalization of plants, while the ability to induce high frost tolerance was only influenced by the saturation of vernalization....
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