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The use of stem cells in the experimental model of stroke
Turnovcová, Karolína ; Jendelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Bojar, Martin (referee) ; Mazurová, Yvona (referee)
Human stem cells from diverse origin are a most promising source for innovative therapy in acute brain lesions. Here, we evaluated the potential of human pluripotent cell-derived neural precursor therapy in stroke, we studied growth properties and surface marker expression of human mesenchymal stromal cells cultivated in different media and introduced superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for intracellular labeling and noninvasive tracking of transplanted cells. Our results showed that human embryonic cells and human induced pluripotent cells are able to differentiate towards transplantable neural and neuronal precursors. Our cells can follow the neuroectodermal development described in brain and spinal cord tissue during ontogenesis, which is characterized by the expression of different surface and cytoplasmic markers appearing on distinct levels of neurogenesis. Based on this expression, we defined our pluripotent cell-derived neural precursors as neural stem cells and neural progenitors and defined the most suitable developmental level for neural transplantation. We found a double effect of these transplants in restoring neurological functions; firstly, the neural transplants have a paracrine effect on damaged tissue, which is rapid and transient and, secondly, they have an effect on the...
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Body fluid exosomes as potential carriers of Huntington’s disease biomarkers
Kupcová Skalníková, Helena ; Červenka, Jakub ; Bohuslavová, Božena ; Turnovcová, Karolína ; Vodička, Petr
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive motor, behavioural, and cognitive decline, ending in death. The cause of HD is an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in HTT gene resulting in prolonged polyglutamine (polyQ) sequence in huntingtin protein (HTT). Huntingtin is a large protein (348 kDa) expressed ubiquitously through the body, with highest expression in the brain and testes. To study HD pathophysiology and to test experimental therapies, a transgenic HD minipig (TgHD) model expressing N-terminal part (N548-124Q) of human mutated huntingtin (mHTT) under the control of human huntingtin promoter was created in Libechov. Beside the mild neurological impairment, the TgHD boars show decreased fertility after 13th month of age.
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Migration and homing of mesenchymal stem cells.
Porkertová, Michaela ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Turnovcová, Karolína (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential progenitor cells derived from the mesodermal germ layer of vertebrate embryos. These cells are able to differentiate in different cell types, such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes and others. The differentiation potential of MSC is closely related to their other abilities, with immune system regulation and regeneration of damaged tissues. After injury, MSCs migrate to affected areas where they supress the immune response and reduce inflammation. MSCs also promote regeneration of the affected area by differentiating in cell types according to the actual needs of the organism. This brings us to the most important attribute of MSCs, namely their migratory potential. MSCs are able to migrate across the body using the bloodstream and into the tissues through complicated mechanism using many factors. The aim of this thesis is to prepare a comprehensive review of current knowledge about MSCs, their migration and homing.
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The use of stem cells in the experimental model of stroke
Turnovcová, Karolína ; Jendelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Bojar, Martin (referee) ; Mazurová, Yvona (referee)
Human stem cells from diverse origin are a most promising source for innovative therapy in acute brain lesions. Here, we evaluated the potential of human pluripotent cell-derived neural precursor therapy in stroke, we studied growth properties and surface marker expression of human mesenchymal stromal cells cultivated in different media and introduced superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for intracellular labeling and noninvasive tracking of transplanted cells. Our results showed that human embryonic cells and human induced pluripotent cells are able to differentiate towards transplantable neural and neuronal precursors. Our cells can follow the neuroectodermal development described in brain and spinal cord tissue during ontogenesis, which is characterized by the expression of different surface and cytoplasmic markers appearing on distinct levels of neurogenesis. Based on this expression, we defined our pluripotent cell-derived neural precursors as neural stem cells and neural progenitors and defined the most suitable developmental level for neural transplantation. We found a double effect of these transplants in restoring neurological functions; firstly, the neural transplants have a paracrine effect on damaged tissue, which is rapid and transient and, secondly, they have an effect on the...
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