National Repository of Grey Literature 84 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Postmodern phenomena in law
Pokorný, Jan ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Postmodern phenomena in law Abstract This thesis examines postmodernity and its manifestation in law and legal science. The first part is dedicated to achieving as precise definition of the term postmodernity as possible, as there is no general consensus, due to the fragmentary nature and instability of postmodern philosophy. Because of a limited quantity of comprehensive resources, describing postmodernity, available the historical perspective was applied in order to build a clear and compact narrative. The modernity movement is defined as it precedes postmodernity historically and philosophically. Postmodernity arose in reaction to the historical events which shaped the world of the twentieth century. From the detailed historical narrative are then synthesized the main defining characteristics of postmodernity. Those characteristics are: erosion, plurality, globalization, the fragmentary and liquid nature of society. The second part is predominantly dedicated to the topic of plurality as it is the basic element of postmodern thought. The comparative approach was chosen due to the ongoing globalization. Plurality as a postmodern phenomenon manifests itself significantly in the form of legal pluralism. The emphasis is put on defining legal pluralism, the additional meta-questions that head towards pondering...
Application of municipal and regional legislation in ligt of their right to self-government
Ševčík, Jakub ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
57 Aplikace právních předpisů obcí a krajů ve světle práva na jejich samosprávu Abstrakt: Tématem práce jsou podzákonné právní předpisy vydávané územními samosprávnými celky a především otázka jejich aplikace. Obecné soudy jsou dle článku 95 Ústavy oprávněny samy posoudit soulad podzákonného předpisu se zákonem. Autor se v práci zabývá otázkou, jak mají postupovat správní orgány, pokud se dostanou do obdobné situace. Autor v práci shrnuje dosavadní diskusi k vázanosti správního orgánu podzákonnými právními předpisy a rozšiřuje ji o úvahy ve vztahu k podzákonným právním předpisům, které vydávají územní samosprávy. Dochází k závěru, že Čl. 95 odst. 1 Ústavy je třeba vykládat tak, že shledá-li správní orgán, že je k tomu oprávněn, smí při vydání rozhodnutí neaplikovat podzákonný právní předpis územně samosprávného celku. Je zohledněn mezinárodněprávní dopad, především dopad do práva Evropské unie. Autor položenou otázku poměřuje s judikaturou Nejvyššího správního soudu, dle které je správní orgán povinen při své činnosti posuzovat soulad vnitrostátního práva, které aplikuje, s právem Evropské unie. A dále rozvádí úvahy, jaké má tato judikatura dopady na řešené téma. V neposlední řadě jsou v práci nastíněny úvahy de lege ferenda, jak se vypořádat se situací, ve které by stát způsobil a následně uhradil škodu...
Legal and Extralegal Factors in Argumentation and Decision-making of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
Chmel, Jan ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Legal and Extralegal Factors in Argumentation and Decision-making of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic Abstract The thesis deals with the influence of legal and extralegal factors on the decision-making of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. Particularly, it focuses on the questions of which preconditions for decision-making of the Constitutional Court are created by the external political and social environment, how this decision-making reflects the different attitudes and approaches of individual judges and how it is influenced by the composition of the judicial panels. The author first summarizes a wide range of factors whose influence on court decisions has been observed. These include not only the content of legislation, but also judicial philosophy, including activism and self-restraint, and various extralegal factors observed by the attitudinal and strategic model of judicial decision-making, but also by psychological and economic studies. Subsequently, the thesis focuses on the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. First, it deals with the preconditions for the influence of various factors on its decision-making and argues that the Constitutional Court can be considered a strong court due to its external conditions and its own decision-making activities. Then, with the...
The limits between interpretation and judicial development of the law
Koželuha, Patrik ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee) ; Hlouch, Lukáš (referee)
The limits between interpretation and judicial development of the law The thesis deals with the issue of the limits between interpretation and the judicial development of the law, especially in relation to the limits that the interpreter must respect when considering whether to proceed to the (judicial) development of the law in a specific case, and further in relation to the identification of risks that in connection with this procedure may arise. The thesis focuses mainly on questions related to the limits of the development of law. The reason is the following: while questions related to the interpretation of law constantly attract the attention of legal theorists, much fewer works are devoted to the questions related to (judicial) development of law. The aim of this thesis is thus (i) to show where the limits of the interpretation of the legal text end, (ii) to identify for which specific cases these limits will also represent the final boundary for their solution, and (iii) if this is not the case, to finally define further limitations and conditions of procedure for those cases where the (judicial) development of the law may be considered. The subject-matter of the research in this thesis is thus to find the limits between the cases when the interpreter interprets, to distinguish them from the cases...
Constitutional Rights: An Internal Critique
Abel, Martin ; Ondřejek, Pavel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee) ; Káčer, Marek (referee) ; Kyritsis, Dimitrios (referee)
Constitutional Rights: An Internal Critique Martin Abel Abstract Proportionality test is a core instrument of human rights law. In one of its steps, governments must convince the courts that limiting the right pursued a legitimate aim. The right-holders, however, are saved the effort. Without obvious reasons why, the courts take legitimacy of individual action for granted. Due to this asymmetry, even malicious or hateful conduct enjoys at least prima facie protection, as long as it is subsumable under one of the listed rights. The thesis explains the proportionality test asymmetry by its relation to one particular conception of rights, called the I-conception. Under the I-conception, rights are abstract principles that ought to be realised to the highest degree. It is based on the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes or Immanuel Kant who insisted that all limits of natural rights must be the product of will. The thesis presents an alternative conception of rights, one that anchors rights in critical morality, making them subject to limits from natural law, too. It argues that such was the conception of rights among famous Christian-Aristotelian philosophers and that even John Locke properly understood is the heir of this tradition. The thesis sources heavily from the works of intellectual historians in order to show...
Relationship Between Private and Public Law: Past and Present
Šafránková, Anna ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Relationship Between Private and Public Law: Past and Present Abstract This dissertation addresses the dualism of private and public law from Roman times to the present. It focuses on developments in the content of these concepts in a historical context. The dissertation examines primary sources from Roman law and highlights the significant difference between the distinction between private and public law in Roman law and later misinterpretations of the same. Particular attention is paid to the approach legal science takes to private and public law through the various phases of reception of Roman law, noting the political circumstances that led to the use of the dual concepts of ius publicum and ius privatum from Roman law as well as the change in content of those concepts. The dissertation compares the main differences between modern society and the earlier social system, especially with reference to the socio-legal structure of relationships. It describes the modern ideological sources of values on which modern society is based and traces the ways these values are reflected in modern legal systems. Constitutionalism, emphasis on the legal code as the written source of law, the concept of natural rights, and the concept of the legal state (Rechtsstaat) all made their mark on private and public law in...
Theories of Judicial Decision-Making confronted the Functioning of Czech Courts
Blažková, Kristina ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Theories of Judicial Decision-Making confronted the Functioning of Czech Courts Abstract Judicial decision-making in hard cases is not a rationalisation which legitimates a choice made based on non-legal grounds, but a relatively predictable, determined and just process which draws legitimacy from the rationality of legal thinking and is significantly influenced by the judge's effort to make the best decision possible considering his conception of law and general training. Based on this proposition the dissertation thesis explores the effect of the judge's conception of law and his judicial function on his legal argumentation and his decision-making in hard cases. The main concept the thesis thus being the judicial philosophy. The dissertation thesis firstly analyses the concept theoretically and subsequently tests the theory on real judicial practice. The hypothesis is that judges of apex courts have different judicial philosophies and that their opposing views on grounds of law and their judicial function exhibits itself in their decision-making in hard cases. The disagreement between judges may be characterised as reasonable disagreement. In situations of reasonable disagreement, the opposing parties are incapable of reaching a compromise despite perfectly sound and grounded positions and mutual effort...
Success in Legal Transplanting
Dufková, Barbara ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Success in Legal Transplanting Abstract The thesis deals with the conceptualization of success in legal transplanting. The thesis identifies legal transplanting as a dominant method of adoption of law in a globalized world. Yet, it points out that there is no agreement as to how to assess whether a legal transplant has been successful or not. Despite the lack of such an agreement, the thesis observes that the literature on legal transplanting suggests a variety of criteria that may be useful to examine or factor in the evaluation of success or failure of legal transplants. Against this background, the thesis strives to dive deeper into the scholarship on legal transplanting to, first, analyze how success or failure in legal transplanting is defined in the scholarship, and second, examine what criteria or benchmarks are used to evaluate such success or failure. To answer those research question, the thesis will first introduce the concept of legal transplantation and set it within the general framework examining the relation between law and society. It will then move to the literature on legal transplanting itself to identify how success or failure is understood in the scholarship. To complement this general and theoretical enquiry, the thesis will also look into specific case studies evaluating legal...
Relationship between law and morals in the contemporary society
Pastoráková, Mária ; Maršálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
ZÁVĚR Soudobou společnost charakterizuje řada jevů, které přispívají k nárůstu komplexity sociální skutečnosti. Vývoj je velice dynamický a probíhá do velké míry spontánně - není kontrolován z jednoho či několika center, nýbrž je výsledkem aktivity mnoha různých nehierarchizovaných subjektů a skupin. Jednotící obecný rámec společnosti je rozrušován a v oblasti hodnotové orientace dochází k partikularizaci. Společenská morálka se proměňuje - do pozadí ustupuje objektivní vzorec správného života, který je nahrazen akceptací různých životních stylů. Paralelně s tím se jako primární morální hodnota prosazuje princip snášenlivosti a tolerance. Nastoluje se otázka, do jaké míry je další existence společnosti tímto vývojem ohrožena, nebo-li zda je morální a hodnotový konsenzus tím, co společnost stmeluje a umožňuje tak její další pokračování. Stoupenci konzervativního názorového proudu se domnívají, že morální shoda je vitální podmínkou společenského života a vnímají právo jako efektivní nástroj k vyjádření resp. prosazení hodnot společnosti. Naproti tomu převažující liberální názorová pozice je, pokud jde o dopad morálního relativismu na společnost optimističtější a brání se obecnému stanovení omezujícího hodnotového rámce realizace svobody jednotlivce, pokud výkon individuální svobody neohrožuje svobodu jiného....
The role of decisions of higher courts in the process of unification of case law
Špačková, Eva ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
83 Klíčová slova kontinentální právo, precedent, judikatura Keywords Civil law, Case law, Judiciary Summary Topic of the thesis Role of Case law in Civil law The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the role of case law in the Czech legal system, which is based, like continental legal systems in common, on the strict division of state's powers whereas there isn't recognized any formally binding force of the judiciary so far. Customarily the sources of law are in civil-law jurisdictions statuses. Distinct to the Common law, the Civil law jurisdictions don't accept a stare decisis principle in their decision making. According to some opinion the decisions in civil law legal system are important only with regard to their persuasive role. But other theorists emphasize the doctrine of jurisprudence constante. In the case, that there are consistent previous decisions, the courts in the civil law legal system shall take this decisions at least into consideration. There is need for emphasizing, that the higher the consistency in the previous decisions, the greater the persuasive force. This thesis is apart from Introduction and Conclusion composed of ten chapters. After the Introduction, which provides short foreword, follows the Chapter One, which deals with the issue, how the role of case law, illustrated on the...

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