National Repository of Grey Literature 4 records found  Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Effect of Exercise on Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue
Gazdová, Tatiana ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Tauchmannová, Kateřina (referee)
Obesity and old age are more prevalent among the current human population than ever before. Increased fat accumulation and hormonal dysregulation are common hallmarks of both these states. It is well reported that both states are associated with impaired lipolysis and glucose homeostasis as a result of disrupted metabolic pathway signalling. Current research offers exercise as a possible remedy, which could improve substrate handling in obesity and old age. Increased energy expenditure, myokine production, and improved insulin sensitivity are all potential benefits of exercise that could mitigate the health risks associated with obesity and ageing. In this work we aim to explore the effect of acute endurance exercise protocol on lipolytic activity of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue depots of lean and young, obese, and aged mice. By the addition of forskolin, isoproterenol, and insulin into the explant media we hope to assess the functionality of β-adrenergic signalling in our subjects. Post exercise lipolytic rate, measured as non-esterified fatty acid release, increased in both depots in all test groups. Glycerol release did not follow the same pattern. Additionally, lipolytic rate, measured as non-esterified fatty acid release, in visceral adipose tissue was higher in samples from...
Non-shivering thermogenesis - UCP1 and other alternative mechanisms
Kružíková, Nikola ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Tauchmannová, Kateřina (referee)
Adaptive thermogenesis is a natural mechanism by which endothermic organisms increase their basal metabolic rate to maintain stable body temperature. During acute exposure to subthermoneutral temperatures, the first reaction of organism is shivering which is gradually replaced by nonshivering thermogenesis. Nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals is associated with a UCP1 protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane in adipose cells. In active mode, UCP1 uncouples respiratory chain from ATP synthesis and by that significantly increases metabolic rate. Apart from UCP1, some alternative mechanisms of nonshivering thermogenesis were suggested - namely: sarcolipin uncoupling ATP hydrolysis from pumping calcium ions through SERCA pump in skeletal muscle, phosphocreatine hydrolysis in adipose tissue or futile cycling of triacylglycerols and fatty acids reesterification. However, to date, there is rather indirect and not generally accepted evidence that these mechanisms contribute significantly to adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis. Better understanding of the nonshivering thermogenesis processes would be of great clinical importance as it could allow identification of potential targets for pharmacological manipulation of energy expenditure and thus provide novel methods for reducing obesity and...
Genetic and functional characterisation of mitochondrial diseases caused by ATP synthase defects
Tauchmannová, Kateřina ; Houštěk, Josef (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kutejová, Eva (referee)
Disorders of ATP synthase, the key enzyme of mitochondrial energy provision belong to the most severe metabolic diseases presenting mostly as early-onset mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathies. Mutations in four nuclear genes can result in isolated deficiency of ATP synthase, all sharing a similar biochemical phenotype - pronounced decrease in the content of fully assembled and functional ATP synthase complex. The thesis summarises studies on two distinct causes of ATP synthase deficiency. First is TMEM70 protein, a novel ancillary factor of ATP synthase, which represents most frequent determinant of severe inborn deficiency of ATP synthase. TMEM70 is a 21 kDa protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitating the biogenesis of mitochondrial ATP synthase, possibly through TMEM70 protein region exposed to the mitochondrial matrix, but the proper regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In TMEM70-lacking patient fibroblasts the low content of ATP synthase induces compensatory adaptive upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes III and IV, interestingly by a posttranscriptional mechanisms. The second type of ATP synthase deficiency studied was mtDNA m.9205delTA mutation affecting maturation of MT-ATP8/MT-ATP6/MT-CO3 mRNA and thus biosynthesis of Atp6 (subunit a) and Cox3...
Genetic and functional characterisation of mitochondrial diseases caused by ATP synthase defects
Tauchmannová, Kateřina ; Houštěk, Josef (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kutejová, Eva (referee)
Disorders of ATP synthase, the key enzyme of mitochondrial energy provision belong to the most severe metabolic diseases presenting mostly as early-onset mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathies. Mutations in four nuclear genes can result in isolated deficiency of ATP synthase, all sharing a similar biochemical phenotype - pronounced decrease in the content of fully assembled and functional ATP synthase complex. The thesis summarises studies on two distinct causes of ATP synthase deficiency. First is TMEM70 protein, a novel ancillary factor of ATP synthase, which represents most frequent determinant of severe inborn deficiency of ATP synthase. TMEM70 is a 21 kDa protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitating the biogenesis of mitochondrial ATP synthase, possibly through TMEM70 protein region exposed to the mitochondrial matrix, but the proper regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In TMEM70-lacking patient fibroblasts the low content of ATP synthase induces compensatory adaptive upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes III and IV, interestingly by a posttranscriptional mechanisms. The second type of ATP synthase deficiency studied was mtDNA m.9205delTA mutation affecting maturation of MT-ATP8/MT-ATP6/MT-CO3 mRNA and thus biosynthesis of Atp6 (subunit a) and Cox3...

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