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Changes in Ascending Aorta Wall in Aortic Valve Diseases - Clinico-Pathological Correlation
Stejskal, Václav ; Šteiner, Ivo (advisor) ; Grus, Tomáš (referee) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee)
Changes in ascending aorta wall in aortic valve diseases - clinico-pathological correlation Ascending aorta is an initial portion of the thoracic aorta. Ascending aorta and aortic valve share an intimate anatomical position and influence each other hemodynamically. Surgical specimens from the ascending aorta are mostly removed for aortic aneurysm or dissection, which are the consequences of a wide range of risk factors, diseases, syndromes, or ageing. In most cases, aneurysms are asymptomatic being diagnosed incidentally during imaging for another reason. The dangerous clinical manifestation of aneurysms is called an acute aortic syndrome, including aortic dissection. Surgical replacement of the affected aorta by a prosthesis in either case (aneurysm and dissection) represents the method of choice. If the aortic valve displays a defect, it is possible to replace it as well. In 2015 and 2016, The Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and The Association for the European Cardiovascular Pathology published consensus documents on the aortic wall. The nomenclature and grading schemes are unified and specified in detail. The incidence and grading of particular lesions significantly differed in various studies until the consensus documents were published. Diseases of the aortic wall include medial...
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Methodology of treatment of infested wood by spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) using EDN(R) fumigation preparation
Stejskal, Václav ; Hnátek, Jonáš ; Kadlec, Jakub ; Aulický, Radek
The methodology describes the effective application of EDN(R) in the treatment of unprocessed wooden logs on heaps in forest. This methodology provides the technical and biological information regarding effective application of EDN(R) with the active substance ethanedinitrile in the treatment of harvested spruce logs in order to reduce the risk of spreading European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus). The methodology describes technical specifications and the use of special application equipment for the application of the liquefied EDN from cylinders using nitrogen as an inert drive to treat harvested coniferous wood. The methodology is based on original experimental data. The general goal of the methodology was to help mitigate the current bark beetle calamity in the Czech Republic. The specific objectives of the methodology were to provide (i) objective and original information for the purposes of professional pest control staff and supervisory authorities (especially CISTA) on the method and procedure for treating wood using the EDN(R) product; ii) methodological documents necessary for repeated rapid preparation of the CISTA regulation for the use of EDN for the treatment of landfills under tarpaulin; and (iii) to provide a brief overview of published scientific information and an evaluation of the methods and preparations used for phyto-quarantine treatment of wood against European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in comparison with the new procedure described in this methodology (i.e. EDN-fumigation of piles of spruce-logs under a plastic sheet).
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Fumigation methods of wood to control invasive cermabycid beetles from then genus invazním Anoplophora sp.
Stejskal, Václav ; Hnátek, Jonáš ; Vokněr, Jan ; Vendl, Tomáš ; Kadlec, Jakub ; Aulický, Radek
Longhorn beetles Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis are quarantine pests of woody plants, which are, among other routes, spread in wooden pallets and packaging. The methodology describes the effective application of EDN(R) (active substance ethanedinitrile) in the treatment of wooden packaging and untreated wood in order to reduce the risk of the introduction of invasive species of wood-destroying pests (Anoplophora spp.) into the Czech Republic. Quarantine fumigation with methyl bromide is banned in the EU, and the alternative method of heat treatment (ISMP 15) is logistically demanding and cannot be performed in containers or under tarpaulin. The specific objective of the methodology is to provide a technical description of the procedure for the effective application (under tarpaulin / in a container) of EDN(R) to control longhorn beetles A. glabripennis and A. chinensis; the methodology is also prepared as a basis for the possible need for a rapid emergency regulation (ÚKZÚZ - CISTA) for the use in the Czech Republic of Anoplophora spp. longhorn beetles. Another goal is to give a brief overview and evaluation of methods and used products for phyto-quarantine wood treatment in comparison with the new procedure. The methodology is based on original experimental data, which was the basis for determining effective doses of EDN; the doses were expressed as the so-called Ctproduct of concentration and time. Ct- EDN products were determined to a large extent on the model species of longhorn beetle Hylotrupes bajulus (so-called adequate / analogous model species), and then validated for both target species of quarantine longhorn beetles A. glabripennis and A. chinensis. The methodology presents technical specifications and the use of application equipment for the application of liquefied EDN from cylinders using nitrogen as a propellant.
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Pheromonal communication in precopulatory behaviour of bumblebees (Hymenoptery, Apidae, Bubmus).
Hovorka, Oldřich ; Král, David (advisor) ; Stejskal, Václav (referee) ; Nedvěd, Oldřich (referee)
XIII. ZÁVĚR 1 + 2) Bylo jednoznačně prokázáno, že čmelák klamavý (B. confusus) není v rámci rodu Bombus svou prekopulační strategií vyjímečný a že není druhem, jehož samci nepoužívají feromon k získání partnerek. Složení jeho samčího značkovacího feromonu bylo detailně popsáno stejně jako jeho prekopulační strategie, která plně odpovídá ostatním druhům se strategií číhání (perching behavior). 3) Analýzou samčího značkovacího feromonu bylo u vzorků získaných v různých částech ČR v rozdílných biotopech a nadmořských výškách prokázáno, že z druhové skupiny čmeláka hájového (B. lucorum) je dominantním a jediným v testovaných vzorcích přítomným druhem právě druh B. (s. str.) lucorum (L., 1761). Zbylé dva druhy, dříve hlášené z území ČR, jsou zde pravděpodobně vzácné a potvrzení jejich výskytu na našem území je jedním z úkolů do dalších let výzkumu. 4) U čmeláka ovocného (B. pomorum) bylo jako u prvního zástupce podrodu Rhodobombus popsáno složení samčího značkovacího feromonu. To je v rámci celého rodu Bombus unikátní absencí obvykle přítomných těkavých látek. To spolu se silnou redukcí hlavové části labiální žlázy a celkově nízkou dávkou i koncentrací přítomných, málo těkavých uhlovodíků vyvolává otázky, zda je prekopulační strategie tohoto druhu zcela shodná s ostatními patrolujícími druhy, mezi které je...
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Juvenoids and juvenogens - possibilities of their use for pest management of herbivorous incect
Jedlička, Pavel ; Jarošík, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kodrík, Dalibor (referee) ; Stejskal, Václav (referee)
INTRODUCTION In my PhD thesis I am engagedin determinationand evaluationof effects of selectedju- venoids andjuvenogens'ofvarious chemical structuÍeson model insect species.Thesecom- pounds were tested using topical and per os application on the red firebug, Pyrhocoris apterus L., and applied via the broad bean, Vicia faba L., root system on the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphonpisum Huris. Theq basedon result obtainedfrom theseassays,I considered the suitabi|iý of thesecompoundsfor aphidmanagementandtheir potentialimpact on aphid predatorybeetles(Coleopter4 Coccinelidae). RESULTS The most importantdataobtainedAom testson P. apterus andA. pisum I presentedin the articleJedličkaet a|.(2007): The systemiceffectsofjuvenoids on the red firebugPyrrřocois qterus and on the pea aphidAcyrthosiphonpisumwith dataon life tableresponse JeďičkaP., Hrdý I.,Kuldová J. andWimmerZ. PestManagementscience63' 102ó.1035 Abstract A series ofjuvenoid ďcohols and theř glycosidic derivatives (uvenogens),synthe. sized atthe lnstituteof Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB) in hague, com- mercially usedjuvenoids and the naturď derivativesofjuvabione were evaluatedfor their systemic juvenilizing effect on the red firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L., and onthe pea aphid Ácyrthosiphonpisum Harris' A life table Íesponseexperimentwas desiped,...
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Precopulatory behavior in firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus
Křivánek, Miloš ; Jarošík, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Stejskal, Václav (referee)
The existing research works, dealing with pre-copulatory behaviour in Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.), show that this behaviour follows a simple pattern of mating. The aim of this work is to extend knowledge regarding this type of behaviour. Results were obtained by processing the video footage to monitor the behaviour of individuals of the Central European population (the Czech Republic) as occurred in the respective copulatory zone. Changes were observed in the occurrence and mating activity of each sex depending on climatic conditions and time. Furthermore, the course of individual phases of the mating behaviour, based on mutual interactions and under the influence of external factors, was also observed. These results were supplemented by adding data gained from laboratory experiments, taking place at a temperature of 22 ± 4 řC and involving a long- day type photoperiodic reaction. Based on the results gained, it had been revealed that the climatic conditions significantly influenced the course of behaviour. Individuals of both sexes are physically active during the photo-phase when the intensity of this activity changes in the course of the circadian rhythm. Females display a higher sensitivity to any variation in climate. Males who are influenced by the presence of receptive females show greater locomotive...
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Certified method for evaluation of biological efficacy of controlled atmospheres and fumigation in silos using biotest kits: methodology for workers in DDD, agriculture and food industry
Aulický, Radek ; Stejskal, Václav ; Plachý, Jan
Evaluation of the efficacy of controlled atmosphere or insecticide fumigation treatment of stored commodities is very difficult when these materials are located in silo bins. The main difficulty is to take measurements and samples within the entire commodity (vertical-silo) profile. Until now, there are no standard procedures and tools that would allow the evaluation of efficacy of controlled atmospheres under such situations. These methodical deficiencies are some of the main reasons why t controlled atmosphere methods are not commonly used in practice, although they are – under many conditions - relatively cost-effective disinfection measures. This methodology is the first Czech set of procedures for the proper preparation, application and evaluation of bioassays that can be used for evaluation of the efficacy of controlled atmospheres and fumigation in silo bins cells. The methodology also shows some practical examples and experimental results on how to use bioassay. The certified methodology was prepared with the financial support of the NAZV agency and is the technological an scientific output of the project QJ1310057.
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