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Number as a length in the environment Trains in 1st and 2nd grade of primary school
Nachtmannová, Iveta ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Radka (referee)
This thesis focuses on the tasks from the environment Vláčky, as one of the isolated environments in the first grade mathematics of primary schools taught according to the elaborated methodology of prof. RNDr. Milan Hejný, CSc.. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the principles and concepts of Milan's methodology, the importance of isolated environments in the process of building the ideas of natural number in children in the 1st and 2nd year of primary school, highlights the environment Vláčky as a propaedeutic environment essential for further education according to this method and introduces the manipulative aid necessary for this environment, the Cuisenaire prisms. The theoretical part explains which tasks are used to introduce the environment into the classroom, explains the important concepts of this environment, describes the different types of tasks and their gradations, the relation of this environment to the 3rd to 5th year of primary school, and last but not least, similar tasks from different workbooks that do not deal with the above methodology are collected here. The goal of the practical part was to check the clarity of the formulations in the assignment, to investigate the students' solving strategies and the difficulties that may occur when solving the problems. The...
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Code comprehension in 2nd grade pupils at primary school
Hošková, Lucie ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
The theoretical part of this thesis deals with one mathematical problem from a didactic test given within the project Teacher's understanding of the causes of school failure and the effectiveness of pedagogical interventions. It includes an analysis of the task and an estimation of expected solving mistakes. It takes a closer look at code and coding, the curriculum of which is newly embedded in the Framework Educational Programme for Primary Education, therefore examples of tasks that can be used in teaching at primary school are given in this paper. It also looks at the coded path, which is the basis for the test task, as well as the movement around the plan. Movement along the plan occurs in the context of propedeutic excercises and found exercises from textbooks. Six hundred and five student solutions are evaluated in the practical part. They are grouped together with described solving strategies that distinguish different types of path records in the plan. Furthermore, this section contains an evaluation of the data from an experiment conducted with fifteen 2nd grade of primary school pupils. In both cases, the focus is on the solving strategies, the detection of mistakes and the design of their re-education. Finally, the data of the pupils' solutions are evaluated. Firstly, they focus on the...
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Development of geometrical concepts in primary school pupils
Löbel, Miroslav ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Slezáková, Jana (referee)
The thesis examines the development of pupils' understanding of geometric concepts during the transition from primary school grade 1 to grade 2. In the theoretical part, the theoretical background of the introduction of geometric concepts at the 1st grade, their anchoring in the RVP ZV and the line of building concepts in two series of mathematics textbooks are presented. At the end of the first part, didactic environments that are suitable for building the concepts of circumference and content are presented. The second part of the thesis contains research aimed at finding out at what stage of the process of understanding geometric concepts pupils are at when they move to Grade 2. The research was carried out by means of a didactic test in four 6th grade classes, and the results are translated in the form of tables. After the test, the selected pupils were interviewed to find out what previous knowledge and skills led them to solve the problems. A sample of pupils was used to attempt to re-teach the skills, which will be tested again in a second round of testing after three months of teaching; the result is again presented in the form of tables. Finally, the fulfilment of the aims of the thesis is evaluated. KEYWORDS geometry, polygon, area, circumference, schema building, cognitive process of the...
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Solving constructions in geometry in 4th and 5th grade of primary school
Fidrmucová, Adéla ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
My diploma thesis is focused on the solution of construction tasks by pupils in the 4th and 5th year of elementary school. Its goal is to investigate the thought processes of pupils when solving selected construction tasks in mathematics. In the Theoretical part, I describe ideas about the cognitiv , and Mr. and Mrs. van Hiele. I also focus on the difficulty of teaching geometry and the description of the expected outputs from geometry in the Framework Educational Program for basic education, which relate to construction tasks. The last chapter of the Theoretical part is devoted to construction tasks in textbooks for the 1st grade of elementary school. In the Practical part, I focus on the research itself. It was made using the method of observation, during which a video recording was taken. Then I analyze these video recordings and describe the procedures of the 4th and 5th grade students when solving the assigned construction tasks. Based on these procedures, I divide them into groups. For each group, I think about the students' thought processes and their level within the cognitive processes described in the Theoretical part. Finally, I suggest re-education on recorded errors and how to continue working with students. At the end of the work, I place each student in one of three levels according...
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Solving word problems of the unfinished strategy type by pupils of the secondary school
Šinkorová, Jana ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Slezáková, Jana (referee)
The aim of the work was to test methodological materials created within the TAČR TL03000469 project "Support of the integration of mathematical, reading and language literacy in primary school pupils". The focus is on promoting word problems that combine mathematical, reading, and language skills in elementary school students. The pilot test was conducted in three 2nd grade elementary school classes, and three NES-type tasks were tested: "I think of a number", "Supermarket", and "Birthday Party II". Based on worksheets, questionnaires completed by the students, transcripts of the recorded group discussion, and a thorough analysis of the follow-up, I have concluded that the ability to successfully solve word tasks does not depend on the age of the student. Rather, it is related to the "readiness" to solve tasks, to the ability to read comprehensibly, to understand the relationships in the task, and to numerical competence. The essential component is cooperative work in a group, where individuals are enriched by discussing the problem together. Their communication often leads from a misunderstanding of the task to a correct solution. The result of the work is the description of methodological recommendations, examples of analyzing solution including their group discussions, and several specific...
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Didactic potential of game Ubongo in teaching mathematics at primary school
Váchová, Michaela ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
This diploma thesis seeks the possibilities of using the board game UBONGO in teaching mathematics at elementary school. This thesis focuses on manipulative activities of pupils during the game and its goal is to explore what are pupils learning through the game. The theoretical part describes the basis for the research, thus content of mathematics and geometry curriculum in FEP BE, child's developmental stages in terms of learning, play with emphasis on the board game, lightly examines motivation and is inspired by tasks which are in geometrical environment Parkety and utilize prof. M. Hejný's method. The practical part of the diploma thesis contains the preparation of graded tasks, which are formed from the board game UBONGO in order to implement qualitative research. Didactical potential of the game is verified by performing series of graded tasks, pre-experiment and experiment with elementary school pupils. The course of the experiment is described together with all steps, strategies and findings, which pupils learn through playing the game. At the end of the diploma thesis is an evaluation of the fulfillment of individual objectives. KEYWORDS Planar geometry, 2 D, manipulation, game, Ubongo, motivation, learning, polyomino, polygon, gradation, strategy
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Games in primary school geometry
Myšková, Markéta ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Slezáková, Jana (referee)
5 Abstract This diploma thesis is called The Games in Primary School Geometry and it describes the benefits of the games in teaching geometry as a teaching method for acquiring and strengthening geometric knowledge. The goal of the thesis is to submit the set of didactic games which are suitable for teaching geometry and point out interesting cognitive and interactive phenomena identified in the communication among pupils and a teacher in the role of an experimenter. The work consists of a theoretical and practical part. The first one explains the key terms related to the game in geometry, for example: the learning process, teaching methods, didactic game, motivation, communication, spatial and geometric imagination. Literature concerning the fields of pedagogy, psychology and mathematics was used to elaborate the topics of the thesis. The practical part contains a set of game suggestions for teaching geometry. I chose a few of the games and used them when teaching the pupils of the 4th class of the basic school. The course of each game is commented on and described in details. The conclusion contains the self-reflection and I set the topics for my future work as a teacher. Keywords: didactic game, teaching methods, learning process, terminology, game strategy.
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Visual number sense of 6 - 8 years old pupils
Fischerová, Terezie ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the visual perception of pupils from 6 to 8 years of age, especially examines the strategies used in solving problems on visual perception. Its aim is to analyze the visual perception of students from 6 to 8 years. It consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part formulates and explains the basic concepts related to the visual perception of calculus in small sets, presents an analysis of visual perception problems in three series of textbooks for the first grade and outlines the basic strategies for solving visual perception problems. The theoretical part thus sufficiently prepares the reader to understand the practical part, which is crucial for the diploma thesis. The practical part concerns an experiment containing a series of tasks on visual perception. It describes the conditions and implementation of the experiment with a group of 19 pupils and 8 preschoolers from three primary schools in Prague. Other than that there is a description of the results and formulation of the conclusions of the experiment. The experiment finds out how students perceive small sets and whether they use set configurations as on dice, or whether these configurations can help them determine the number of objects in the set. The experiment in the practical part aims to...
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Strategy of students' problem solving equation type in the 4th and 5th grade of primary school
Johánková, Renata ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kaslová, Michaela (referee)
Nowadays we can meet instead of the traditional approach to teaching math also Hejný method in schools. The aim of this thesis is to compare two groups of students (traditionally lead and lead by Hejný method) and their strategies for solving problems of the type of equation, and to compare how successful their solutions are. For the group which is taught traditionally, there were chosen the pupils in the 4th and 5th grade of primary school, who used to use the textbook of the series Alter. In the other group there were chosen pupils who use the textbooks by Hejný et al. Before the experiment there had been selected and formulated tasks for the experiment itself. A part of the experiment are also interviews with selected students. KEYWORDS strategy, successful strategy, non-successful strategy, transmisive and constructivistic way of teaching, the type of equation tasks, pupil's solution of the problem
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