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Liberal party 1886-1906. Contribution to British history on the edge of the 19th and 20th century
Skokan, Peter ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
Roky 1886 - 1906 boli pre existenciu Liberálnej strany zásadným obdobím. Táto etapa vnútrostraníckej krízy bola poznačená nielen politickými, ale hlbokými osobnými spormi medzi kolegami. Práve ony boli koniec koncov jedným z dôvodov tak dlhého trvania vnútorného napätia a nedorozumení. Prvé náznaky pre liberálov katastrofických rokov prelomu 19. a 20. storočia sa ukazovali už v prvej polovici osemdesiatych rokov v konfliktoch medzi whigmi a radikálmi, ktoré ukazovali dokonca ideologickú nejednotnosť strany. Liberálom sa nakoniec osudnou stala írska otázka, ktorá ich rozdelila a Gladstoneove zaryté a bezhlavé trvanie na jej prioritnom riešení trvajúce až do jeho rezignácie z postu predsedu vlády na jar 1894. (...)
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British Colonisation of South Africa during the First Half of the 19th Century
Miler, Pavel ; Skřivan, Aleš (advisor) ; Valkoun, Jaroslav (referee)
In 1796, the first time the British occupied the Cape, a former Dutch colony in 1806 then definitely. British colonial policy in South Africa was initially influenced by the former practice of the Dutch East India Company. Problems inherited from the past involving government, law and the institution of slavery. Very thorny questions were slave trade and land ownership. In 1807 a law was adopted to ban the import of slaves in the colonies of the British Empire. In 1809 was issued collection of laws by Lord Calendon called Calendon code. In 1811 Governor John Cradock established circulation courts. In 1820 arrived in the Cape Colony of British settlers in 4000 to increase proportion of the white population of British origin. In 1828 was issued Ordinance 50, in 1833 Britain abolished slavery law with effect from 1838. These government actions led to disputes with the Boer population, which peaked in 1836, leaving Boers in the so-called Great Trek, which had a significant impact on indigenous communities strains disrupted at the time mfecane and led to the establishment of the independent Boer republics. Key words: Africans - Boers - Cape of Good Hope - colonial policy - emancipation - Great Britain - Great Trek - South Africa - slavery
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Edict of Gülhane (1839). The Ottoman Empire at the Beginning of Tanzimat Reforms
Mazanec, Jakub ; Skřivan, Aleš (advisor) ; Valkoun, Jaroslav (referee)
This work deals with analysis of publication of Gülhane noble decree (3 November 1839) which is an eminent event in the modern history of the Ottoman Empire. Promises of sultan Abdülmecid I contained in this document in fact opened the door for a reform period called tanzimat, which is mostly put between years 1839-1876. This work also focuses on earlier attempts of reorganization and modernization of the empire, especially on reforms of sultan Selim III and sultan Mahmut II. Knowledge of these reforms is necessary for understanding the events of 1839. An important part of this work is formed by analysing circumstances of Gülhane decree origins and the English version of its text.
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Franz Josef Strauss - a contribution to history of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949 - 1990
Kaucký, Lukáš ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee) ; Horčička, Václav (referee)
Franz Josef Strauss was a German politician (CSU) and long-time minister-president of the state of Bavaria. Born in Munich as the second child of a butcher, Strauss studied German letters, history and economics at the University of Munich from 1935 to 1939. In World War II, he served in the German Wehrmacht on the Western and Eastern Fronts. While on furlough, he passed the German state exams to become a teacher. After suffering from severe frostbite on the Eastern Front at the end of 1942, he served as an Offizier für wehrgeistige Führung (political officer) at the antiaircraft artillery school in Altenstadt, near Schongau. He held the rank of Oberleutnant at the end of the war. After the war, he was appointed deputy Landrat (county president) of Schongau by the American occupiers and was involved in founding the local party organization of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU). He became a member of the first Bundestag (Federal Parliament) in 1949 and, in 1953, Federal Minister for Special Affairs in the second cabinet of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, in 1955 Federal Minister of Nuclear Energy, and in 1956 defence minister, charged with the build-up of the new Bundeswehr - the youngest man to hold this office at the time. He became chairman of the CSU in 1961. Strauss was forced to step down as...
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The Austro-Prussian contentions in the German Confederation on the eve of war in 1866 and his acceptance in Austria's press
Králová, Hana ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
Aust ria's influence in Germany was constant for some centuries during the existence of the Holy Roman Empi re and it 's leadership which it had maintained in the new founded German Confederation in 1815. Transformat ion had come about in the 1860s when would Prussia through an aggressive pol icy increase the hegemonig proportions by abolishing the Aust rian-led Confederation and Berl in would come to realize their ambitions for expansion and annexing all of the German states. The Austro- Prussian crisis of 1866 arosed from the disputed fate of the Elbe Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. The first chapter consists of zhe German Confederation evolution founded in 1815 upon the ruins of the old Holy Roman Empi re. In the second consequential chapter main attention was paid to economic development in Germany and it 's Uni fication in the Customs Union. The thi rd chapter describes the clashes between Prussia and Austria in the beginning of the 1860s. The fourth chapter comprised a short history the Elbe Duchies of Sleswig and Holstein and a war in the year 1864. The most important chapter is the last which comprised the period of 1865-1866 and react ion of public opinion to these events. The basis of this work is a t rend of the Aust ro-Prussian contentions in the German Confederation on the eve of war in 1866...
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The Wölfling Case. Resignation of Leopold Ferdinand of Tuscany from the Archduke's Position and His Life as an Ordinary Citizen.
Žáková, Michaela ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
The thesis "The Wölfling Case. Resignation of Leopold Ferdinand of Tuscany from the Archduke's Position and His Life as an Ordinary Citizen" discusses the events associated with the departure of Archduke Leopold Ferdinand (1868-1935) from the Habsburg-Lorraine House. The thesis deals with the Imperial Austrian Family Statute, individual cases of resignation to the rank of Archduke, as well as the issue of violation of family norms in the Habsburg-Lorraine family. The focus is on events surrounding the escape of Archduke Leopold Ferdinand from the court and his subsequent resignation from the Archduke rank. Attention is paid to the cause of this, as well as the dramatic negotiations surrounding his final resignation from the imperial court and family. The thesis also charts the career of the former Archduke (since 1903 Leopold Wölfling) in the position of an ordinary citizen.
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The IRA in the First Years of the Troubles. Irish Republican Army and its Newly Founded Fractions in 1969-1972
Halama, Vojtěch ; Soukup, Jaromír (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
Aim of this bachelor thesis is an analysis of the rise of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in the first years of the Troubles. Discussed events are put into context of history of the Irish republicanism and an appropriate attention is paid to the change in IRA's approaches in the 1960s. The core part of the thesis follows up a period between 1969, when a split in organisation occured and the PIRA was created, and July 30-31 1972, when British operation Motorman ended the period of PIRA's greatest strenght. The purpose of this thesis is to "explain" early Provisional IRA, to analyse its role in political and ethnic conflict and especially to find the causes of its truly impressive rise, mostly caused by brilliant exploitation of potential of the Troubles. This thesis also contains a chapter that deals with activity of the "Official" IRA (OIRA).
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Phenomenon of conservative revolution of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan and its ideologic elements
Petřík, Lukáš ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
V této práci jsme si ukázali, že ideje Thatcherové i Reagana navazovaly do značné míry na myšlenkovou konzervativní tradici zemí, ze kterých oba dva politici pocházeli. 20. století znamenalo po většinu svého období rozchod s těmito myšlenkami a nástup kolektivistických socialistických ideologií a systémů různých odstínů. Thatcherová a Reagan sice pravicové myšlenky jako takové neznovuvynalezli, ale dokázali je poměrně přesvědčivým způsobem předat veřejnosti. Oba dokázali zužitkovat vzestup hnutí nové pravice, které začalo pozvolna nabývat na síle v padesátých a šedesátých letech, aby se po neúspěšných pokusech nakonec na přelomu sedmdesátých a osmdesátých let chopilo moci. Rozdílem mezi Thatcherovou a Reaganem bylo mimo jiné také i to, že Reagan vycházel z mnohem větší základny podporovatelů. Zatímco Reaganovu revoluci podporovaly různé proudy a on mnohdy musel krotit "krajní" pravičáky, Thatcherová spíše musela neustále bojovat s poměrně velkou částí strany, která byla umírněná. Období vlády Thatcherové a Reagana bývá někdy označováno jako konzervativní revoluce. Pokud však budeme definovat revoluci jako radikální změnu k něčemu novému, tak zde se o toto nejednalo. Správně by se tento fenomén neměl nazývat konzervativní revoluce, ale konzervativní kontrarevoluce, protože zde šlo o to zvrátit levicovou...
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The End of Splendid Isolation: The Foreign Policy of the Late Victorian Britain
Malý, Ondřej ; Skřivan, Aleš (advisor) ; Valkoun, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis is dealing with the development of the Great Britan foreign policy in the last two decades of the 19th century. The period of time covered her is marked by the era berween the Anglo-Egyptian War in 1882 and the sign of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance in 1902. Primarily, the thesis concentrates on the Foreign Office working and the top-british politicians. The fundamental objective is assessment of the process of change British policy and the definitive rejection of Splendid Isolation in 1902. Therefore it will especially watch the rivalry of powers in peripheries in Africa, Balkans and the Far East. The thesis is devided into eight chapters. The final part resumes the data arising from the research of creation the foreign policy. Key Words: Foreign policy, Great Britain, foreign policy, Victorian era, splendid isolation, Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 19th century
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Egypt in the years of British patronage, 1882-1899. The contribution to the history of British emipre in the 19th century
Valkoun, Jaroslav ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
Primarily, Great Britain occupied Egypt due to strategic and defence reasons (a route to India) in 1882; commercial and financial interests appeared secondary. At first the British Government again and again alleged that soldiers would leave as soon as they would establish the order and tranquillity and would renew the authority of the Khedive. Her Majesty's Government repeated this allegation more then sixty times until the WWI broke out. Between the years 1882 and 1914 Egypt was neither a colony nor protectorate de iure, nevertheless the British Consul-General in Cairo administrated the country in a de facto colonial way; the Khedive symbolised only the formal Head of State. During the ensuing decades, the British realised economic, politic, and administrative reforms. Improvement of irrigation system meant the greatest achievement. In the nineties, the reorganization of the Egyptian Administration caused the rise of the nationalist movement, which in 1906 culminated in Dinshaway Incident that forced the well-known proconsul Lord Cromer to leave Egypt. The Sudan always influenced Egyptian events. In 1885 the Mahdi and his followers conquered Khartoum and the rest of the Sudanese territory. Thirteen years later the Mahdists were routed by the British-Egyptian army at the Battle of Omdurman and than both...
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