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Magneto-optical magnetometry of ferromagnetic thin films with flexible substrate
Střihavková, Julie ; Schmoranzerová, Eva (advisor) ; Hamrle, Jaroslav (referee)
This work is focused on measurements of magnetooptical effects in thin magnetic multilayers prepared on a flexible substrate. A main goal of this thesis was to deter- mine ideal conditions of the experiment, suitable for studying this type of sample with a magnetooptical method. In the measurements were determined artifacts caused both by the experimental setup and by effect of the flexible substrate on the polarization state of transmitted light. An approximate value of the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic layer (Co), connected with apresence of strain in the system, was determined using a ROT-MOKE method. The calculated values of the anisotropy field were burdened with a significant measurement error. We can thus conclude that the magnetooptical method can be used for the study of the changes of magnetic properties (i.e. thermally induced strain). However, regarding determination of the exact values of the magnetic anisotropy, the method has its limitations. 1
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Magnetooptical and magnetotransport effects in non-collinear antiferromagnets
Baďura, Antonín ; Schmoranzerová, Eva (advisor) ; Janda, Tomáš (referee)
In this thesis, we investigate the magnetic properties of an antiferromagnet Mn5Si3. Mn5Si3 shows two configurations of magnetic moments depending on temperature: the low-temperature phase (below 90 K) is noncollinear and noncoplanar, while the spin configuration is collinear at higher temperatures up to 240 K. Furthermore, the band structure of Mn5Si3 is spin-split in both antiferromagnetic phases via a specific nonrel- ativistic mechanism, referred as altermagnetism. We probed this spin-splitting by two distinct methods: Firstly, we characterized the transport properties of Mn5Si3 by mea- suring electronic and thermoelectric transport phenomena. Particularly, we detected the spontaneous Hall and Nernst responses in Mn5Si3 thin epitaxial films. The key outcome was a detailed analysis of the spontaneous Hall signal together with the observation of the spontaneous Nernst effect. In the second approach, we studied magnetooptical re- sponse of the thin films, where we focused on reflective geometry (the polar Kerr effect and the Voigt effect). We observed a pronounced signal in the Voigt geometry, which is quadratic in magnetization and could correspond to a magnetooptical signal. Further- more, we observed a change in optical response when the thin-film samples were exposed to a thermally-induced mechanical...
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Optical study of magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic thin films
Hovořáková, Kristýna ; Schmoranzerová, Eva (advisor) ; Kašpar, Zdeněk (referee)
This work deals with the comparison of magneto-transport and magneto- optical methods for magnetic anisotropy measurements on a GaMnAs semicon- ductor. We performed measurements in the magnetotransport setup, and we determined the anisotropic constants from the study of the planar Hall effect. In the magneto-optical setup we studied the Voigt effect and from the obtained results we estimated the magnetic anisotropy of the sample. Our measurements have shown that both methods give analogous results. However, the use of the magnetooptical method has its limitations, which are reflected in the data processing itself. If the optical signal contains a contribution of non-magnetic origin, the analysis fails. At the end of the work we proposed a modified method of data analysis which managed to improve the obtained results. 1
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Spin dynamics in GaAs-based semiconductor structures
Schmoranzerová, Eva ; Němec, Petr (advisor) ; Postava, Kamil (referee) ; Kužel, Petr (referee)
This work is dedicated to the study of spin dynamics in systems based on the semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs) that are suitable for use in spintronic devices. We explored two types of model structures using experimental methods of ultrafast laser spectroscopy and transport measurements. In the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As, we investigated laser-induced magnetization precession. We found out that transfer of both energy and angular momentum from the circularly polarized laser light can trigger magnetization precession, the latter one being identified as a new phenomenon, the "optical spin transfer torque". Furthermore, we demonstrate the possibility to control the energy-transfer-induced magnetization dynamics both optically and electrically using piezo-stressing. When dealing with purely non-magnetic structures for spintronics, we studied the Spin-Injection Hall Effect (SIHE) in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures with a special type of spin- orbit (SO) coupling that are lithographically patterned to create nanodevices. We managed to observe precession of the electron spin in the SO field directly in the space domain by extending the original detection method. This finding, together with the direct detection of a pure spin current, helped to propose a working spin Hall effect transistor.
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Kerr microscopy of magnetic microstructures
Hovořáková, Kristýna ; Schmoranzerová, Eva (advisor) ; Ondič, Lukáš (referee)
The main objective of the thesis was to construct a wide-field Kerr microscope to study all-optical helicity-dependent (AOHDS) switching in FePt nanograins. The wide- field Kerr microscope was successfully implemented into AOHDS experiments, was fully characterized and optimized for maximum image contrast. The real-time imaging and resolution of 2, 5µm enables the study of a wide range of magnetic materials and their dynamics. Moreover, a new light source, the High Lumen Density MODULE from CRY- TUR, spol. s r.o., was tested for future application in Kerr microscopy. The technical solution enabled to form a collimated beam with low divergence required for Kerr mi- croscopy. From the switching experiments on FePt nanograins, we observed a strong non-magnetic contribution to the magnetic signal, not reported in previous works. The experiments have also shown that the switching intensity depends on the laser spot size and total laser power, suggesting that the FePt grains are not entirely isolated. The grains' ensemble exhibits a more complex behavior than anticipated. 1
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Thermo-transport effects in antiferromagnets
Baďura, Antonín ; Schmoranzerová, Eva (advisor) ; Martins Godinho, João Pedro (referee)
This thesis investigates magnetic properties of an antiferromagnet Mn5Si3 in both collinear and noncollinear antiferromagnetic phases, which this compound evinces. The work is based on three distinct experimental approaches: The first one comprises mea- surements of magnetotransport phenomena (namely anisotropic magnetoresistance and Hall effects), the second one studies thermal counterparts of these effects (particularly the anomalous Nernst effect). Finally, we used scanning thermal gradient microscopy in order to observe the domain structure of Mn5Si3. The key outcome of the magnetotransport measurements is an observation of the Hall response in the collinear antiferromagnetic phase, which we attribute to the recently proposed crystal Hall effect. Furthermore, the thermotransport measurements resulted in the first observation of the anomalous Nernst effect in this compound. Due to the variety of artefacts, we did not record any convincing image of the domain structure in Mn5Si3. The analysis of the artefacts was supported by mathematical modelling that helped to pinpoint their origin.
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Optical study of magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic thin films
Hovořáková, Kristýna ; Schmoranzerová, Eva (advisor) ; Kašpar, Zdeněk (referee)
This work deals with the comparison of magneto-transport and magneto- optical methods for magnetic anisotropy measurements on a GaMnAs semicon- ductor. We performed measurements in the magnetotransport setup, and we determined the anisotropic constants from the study of the planar Hall effect. In the magneto-optical setup we studied the Voigt effect and from the obtained results we estimated the magnetic anisotropy of the sample. Our measurements have shown that both methods give analogous results. However, the use of the magnetooptical method has its limitations, which are reflected in the data processing itself. If the optical signal contains a contribution of non-magnetic origin, the analysis fails. At the end of the work we proposed a modified method of data analysis which managed to improve the obtained results. 1
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Multiphoton absorption of ultrafast laser pulse
Zukerstein, Martin ; Trojánek, František (advisor) ; Schmoranzerová, Eva (referee)
Nonlinear optics is constantly developing and in terms of future applications very perspective field of physics. With high-intensity pulsed lasers we are able to study interesting phenomena in matter that we cannot observe with common sources of light. The aim of this thesis is a study of the multiphoton absorption of high-intensity pulses in diamond using z-scan technique. It theoretically describes this nonlinear phenomenon using quantum theory. The next section author took a measurement of the two-photon absorption and found the two-photon absorption coefficients in different samples. Diamond was chosen as the sample material. This material has absolutely unique properties that rank it highly in future applications for optoelectronic devices.
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Spin dynamics in GaAs-based semiconductor structures
Schmoranzerová, Eva ; Němec, Petr (advisor) ; Postava, Kamil (referee) ; Kužel, Petr (referee)
This work is dedicated to the study of spin dynamics in systems based on the semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs) that are suitable for use in spintronic devices. We explored two types of model structures using experimental methods of ultrafast laser spectroscopy and transport measurements. In the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As, we investigated laser-induced magnetization precession. We found out that transfer of both energy and angular momentum from the circularly polarized laser light can trigger magnetization precession, the latter one being identified as a new phenomenon, the "optical spin transfer torque". Furthermore, we demonstrate the possibility to control the energy-transfer-induced magnetization dynamics both optically and electrically using piezo-stressing. When dealing with purely non-magnetic structures for spintronics, we studied the Spin-Injection Hall Effect (SIHE) in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures with a special type of spin- orbit (SO) coupling that are lithographically patterned to create nanodevices. We managed to observe precession of the electron spin in the SO field directly in the space domain by extending the original detection method. This finding, together with the direct detection of a pure spin current, helped to propose a working spin Hall effect transistor.
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