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Pathophysiological characterization of autoimmune bullous skin diseases
Krabcová, Jana ; Arenbergerová, Monika (advisor) ; Kuklová, Ivana (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
SOUHRN DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Autoimmune bullous diseases are severe and chronic conditions, which involve skin and mucosal surface. The etiology is unknown. The specific antibodies against structural components of cellular adhesions molecules of epidermis, at the dermal-epidermal junctions or at the basement membrane zone, are characteristic. The connection between antibodies and targeted antigens leads to cell-cell or cell-matrix discontinuity, which develops into blister formation. Intraepidermal disruption is typical for pemphigus diseases, dermo-epidermal (sub- epidermal) blistering process is specific for pemphigoid diseases. Detection of specific autoantibodies either tissue-bound or circulating in serum is essential to diagnose autoimmune nature of autoimmune bullous disease. The specific antibodies for bullous pemphigoid against the hemidesmosomal antigens BP 180, BP 230 are seen, which connect the basal keratinocytes to basement membrane. The correct diagnosis is based on positivity of minimally 2 markers - histological proof, detecting of tissue- bound antibody Immunoglobulin G and C3 component of complement at the basement membrane zone by direct immunofluorescence, detection of circulating Immonoglobulin G by indirect imunofluorescence on the monkey or rabbit esophagus or...
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Study of barrier lipids in the skin and skin models
Sochorová, Michaela ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zimčík, Petr (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Michaela Sochorová Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Study of barrier lipids in the skin and skin models The barrier lipids are found in the intercellular spaces of the uppermost layer of epidermis - stratum corneum (SC). These lipids comprise an approximately equimolar mixture of ceramides (Cer), fatty acids (FA) and cholesterol (Chol). The composition and organization of the lipid mixture is unique and provides a barrier, which protects organism against harmful effects from the surroundings and, at the same time, it protects body from excessive water loss and contributes to homeostasis maintenance. Skin barrier disruption, including altered barrier lipid composition and organization, was described in many skin diseases, for example atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or skin cancer. Study and therapy of these diseases are limited by their complex pathophysiology and a lack of biological material (human skin). Therefore, skin models are appropriate and useful tools for study of skin diseases. The skin models differ in their simplicity/complexity and their preparation therefore they can provide different information. Model lipid membranes are...
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Cutaneous Side Effects of Targeted Oncological Treatment
Říčař, Jan ; Cetkovská, Petra (advisor) ; Fínek, Jindřich (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Introduction In recent years, new oncological treatments with targeted effects on cellular level have been introduced into the clinical practice. Some of these agents can cause specific changes affecting skin, skin appendages and mucosa. Currently, the most significant cutaneous side effects in the clinical practice are observed during treatment with inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Papulopustular exanthema is the most frequent adverse effect of EGFR inhibitors. Skin changes have a crucial impact on the quality of life can cause an interruption or even termination of the oncological treatment, thus worsening the patient prognosis. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence, severity and time of onset of papulopustular exanthema in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with erlotinib. The study also aimed to assess the correlation between papulopustular exanthema and patient prognosis and the incidence of EGFR gene mutations. Another objective was to create informational materials for patients with EGFR inhibitors skin toxicity, its prevention, treatment and recommended regime measures. Methods This was a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled study in which patients with non- small cell lung cancer stage III B and IV treated...
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Pathophysiological characterization of autoimmune bullous skin diseases
Krabcová, Jana ; Arenbergerová, Monika (advisor) ; Kuklová, Ivana (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
SOUHRN DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Autoimmune bullous diseases are severe and chronic conditions, which involve skin and mucosal surface. The etiology is unknown. The specific antibodies against structural components of cellular adhesions molecules of epidermis, at the dermal-epidermal junctions or at the basement membrane zone, are characteristic. The connection between antibodies and targeted antigens leads to cell-cell or cell-matrix discontinuity, which develops into blister formation. Intraepidermal disruption is typical for pemphigus diseases, dermo-epidermal (sub- epidermal) blistering process is specific for pemphigoid diseases. Detection of specific autoantibodies either tissue-bound or circulating in serum is essential to diagnose autoimmune nature of autoimmune bullous disease. The specific antibodies for bullous pemphigoid against the hemidesmosomal antigens BP 180, BP 230 are seen, which connect the basal keratinocytes to basement membrane. The correct diagnosis is based on positivity of minimally 2 markers - histological proof, detecting of tissue- bound antibody Immunoglobulin G and C3 component of complement at the basement membrane zone by direct immunofluorescence, detection of circulating Immonoglobulin G by indirect imunofluorescence on the monkey or rabbit esophagus or...
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Study of barrier lipids in the skin and skin models
Sochorová, Michaela ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zimčík, Petr (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Michaela Sochorová Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Study of barrier lipids in the skin and skin models The barrier lipids are found in the intercellular spaces of the uppermost layer of epidermis - stratum corneum (SC). These lipids comprise an approximately equimolar mixture of ceramides (Cer), fatty acids (FA) and cholesterol (Chol). The composition and organization of the lipid mixture is unique and provides a barrier, which protects organism against harmful effects from the surroundings and, at the same time, it protects body from excessive water loss and contributes to homeostasis maintenance. Skin barrier disruption, including altered barrier lipid composition and organization, was described in many skin diseases, for example atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or skin cancer. Study and therapy of these diseases are limited by their complex pathophysiology and a lack of biological material (human skin). Therefore, skin models are appropriate and useful tools for study of skin diseases. The skin models differ in their simplicity/complexity and their preparation therefore they can provide different information. Model lipid membranes are...
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Study of barrier lipids in the skin and skin models
Sochorová, Michaela ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zimčík, Petr (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Michaela Sochorová Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Study of barrier lipids in the skin and skin models The barrier lipids are found in the intercellular spaces of the uppermost layer of epidermis - stratum corneum (SC). These lipids comprise an approximately equimolar mixture of ceramides (Cer), fatty acids (FA) and cholesterol (Chol). The composition and organization of the lipid mixture is unique and provides a barrier, which protects organism against harmful effects from the surroundings and, at the same time, it protects body from excessive water loss and contributes to homeostasis maintenance. Skin barrier disruption, including altered barrier lipid composition and organization, was described in many skin diseases, for example atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or skin cancer. Study and therapy of these diseases are limited by their complex pathophysiology and a lack of biological material (human skin). Therefore, skin models are appropriate and useful tools for study of skin diseases. The skin models differ in their simplicity/complexity and their preparation therefore they can provide different information. Model lipid membranes are...
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Cutaneous Side Effects of Targeted Oncological Treatment
Říčař, Jan ; Cetkovská, Petra (advisor) ; Fínek, Jindřich (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Introduction In recent years, new oncological treatments with targeted effects on cellular level have been introduced into the clinical practice. Some of these agents can cause specific changes affecting skin, skin appendages and mucosa. Currently, the most significant cutaneous side effects in the clinical practice are observed during treatment with inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Papulopustular exanthema is the most frequent adverse effect of EGFR inhibitors. Skin changes have a crucial impact on the quality of life can cause an interruption or even termination of the oncological treatment, thus worsening the patient prognosis. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence, severity and time of onset of papulopustular exanthema in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with erlotinib. The study also aimed to assess the correlation between papulopustular exanthema and patient prognosis and the incidence of EGFR gene mutations. Another objective was to create informational materials for patients with EGFR inhibitors skin toxicity, its prevention, treatment and recommended regime measures. Methods This was a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled study in which patients with non- small cell lung cancer stage III B and IV treated...
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HIV awareness and Sexual Behaviour
Zellerová, Kateřina ; Košťálová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee) ; Prchalová, Eva (referee)
Anotation Author: Kateřina Zellerová Institution: Institute of Social Medicine Facultty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Department of nursing Title of a work: HIV awareness and sexual behaviour Supervisor over the work: Jaroslava Košťálová Number of pages: 92 Number of enclosures: 3 The year of advocacy: 2008 The key words: AIDS, HIV, sexual behaviour, prevention, education This bachleor paper deals with actual subject matter HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour. It focuses on HIV/AIDS basic info, such as brief history of these ailments, virus transmission, disease process and the treatment. It also mentions the prevention of HIV transmission and numbers of HIV reactors abroad as well as within the Czech Republic. It makes references to the role of nursing in prevention and education , to sexual behaviour, its development and risk behaviour in the sexual spere. The experimental part of this bachlaor paper is created by interrorgatory of youth. The pupils of elementary scholl, students of Nursing College and Grammar School were involved in the investigated sample. The research work gathers knowledge of informants in the spere of HIV/AIDS, their experience and opinions of these topics. The research results were partially compared with results of research performed in 2005 in the frame of bachleor paper themed...
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Skin equivalents in basic and applied research: Development of human hair equivalents
Havlíčková, Blanka ; Arenberger, Petr (advisor) ; Pánková, Růžena (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
In this study, three novel organotypic human folliculoid assays for basic and applied hair research were developed. Two organotypic "sandwich" systems consist of a pseudodermis (collagen I mixed with and contracted by human interfollicular dermal fibroblasts) on which one of two upper layers is placed: either a mixture of Matrigel™ and follicular dermal papilla fibroblasts (DPC), with outer root sheath keratinocytes (ORSK) layered on the top ("layered sandwich" system), or a mixture of Matrigel™, DPC and ORSK ("mixed sandwich" system). Third, the patented new technique generating human folliculoid microspheres (HFM), consisting of human DPC and ORSK within an extracellular matrix was established. Studying a number of different markers (e.g. proliferation, apoptosis, cytokeratin- 6, versican), it was shown that these folliculoid systems, cultured under well-defined conditions retain several essential epithelial-mesenchymal interactions characteristic for human scalp hair follicle. Selected, recognized hair growthmodulatory agents modulate these parameters in a manner that suggests that all developed organotypic systems allow the standardized pre-clinical assessment of test agents on relevant human hair growth markers under substantially simplified in vitro conditions that approximate the in vivo situation....
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