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Empty Shells. Three Tales on the Relativization of the Axiological Core of Democracy
Horák, Filip ; Franěk, Jakub (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
Empty Shells. Three Tales on the Relativization of the Axiological Core of Democracy - Abstract JUDr. Bc. Filip Horák The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the problem of gradual softening of the democratic political system's axiological core. Firstly, the thesis illustrates the problem via three tales narrated by Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt and Leo Strauss, who in a very similar manner critically analyzed the "axiological leap" leading to the disintegration of fundamental values and principles of democracy. Secondly, the thesis offers a new methodological approach combining empirical functional analysis of the individual values constituting democracy's axiological core (i.e. equality, liberty, justice and dignity) with a teleological approach focusing on the original purposes and functions of these values. Using functional analysis, the thesis examines possible interpretations and functions of the aforementioned values and shows that all of them evince a high degree of vagueness and ambiguity, which makes them so-called "empty shells" that can be filled with almost any content, meaning or function. This is also the main cause of the disintegration of the democracy's axiological core. Thirdly, the thesis theoretically reconstructs the original and stable axiological core using teleological approach....
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The Islamic Movement Interactions within the Arab Uprisings: The impact of the Islamic movements interactions on thedemocratization process and the level of radicalization
Saad, Mohamed ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Esposito, John L (referee) ; Muhammad Mady, Abdel-Fattah (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science Dissertation Abstract The Islamist Movement Interactions within the Arab Uprisings The Impact of the Islamist Movements' Interactions on the Democratization Process and the Level of Radicalization Author: Mohamed Saad Supervisor: Janusz Salamon, Ph.D. Year of the defense: 2023 Abstract The Islamist movements played a socio-political role in many Arab and Middle Eastern countries. They provided social services and a resistance ideology, either for the West or local political regimes. They mobilized their supporters in a large social movement that crystallized the Islamic Ummah's relative deprivation and common grievances. In some cases, Islamism was used as a justification ideology to legitimize the ruling regime. Also, it has been used as an ideology to justify the use of radical and jihadist violence. The Islamism involvement in the Arab Spring raised the classic dilemma in a new shape, either to integrate the Islamists in an open political process; however, this integration may undermine democracy and individual rights in the long term, or to exclude the Islamists from the political life in a way that may encourage more Islamists to resort to violence to achieve their goals. The dissertation tests...
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Plato and Aristotle on the Functions of the State
Blecharž, Samuel ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is a critical examination in a comparative perspective between Plato and Aristotle, paying special emphasis about functions of a state between those two authors deriving knowledge from their own literature as well as other contemporary authors nowadays. This thesis natural goal is to provide its readers a comprehensive idea about a craddle of democracy in Athens that shaped western political thought paying special attention between those two authors and their ideas about proper functions of a state. Then I provide my valuable insights about the topic, considering similarities, differences and my opinion. The Athenian state, as it existed in ancient Athens, was one of the earliest and most influential examples of democracy in the history of Western civilization. The functions of the Athenian state can be understood through various institutions and mechanisms that governed different aspects of society and governance It is important to note that while Athens was a democracy, it was not a modern representative democracy. The functions of the state were largely carried out by a small subset of the population-free male citizens. Women, slaves, and non-citizens had limited or no political rights or participation in the Athenian state. Additionally, Athens was just one city-state in ancient...
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The Impact of Developing Warfare Technology on Just War Theory
Shabalina, Anna ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Teorie či tradice spravedlivé války je jedním z nejstarších filozofických konceptů, jehož počátky sahají až do středověku. Stále však existují oblasti, které nejsou dostatečně prozkoumány, zejména pokud jde o moderní válku a technologický vývoj. Ačkoli je výzkum tohoto tématu dodnes poměrně skoupý, řada badatelů se shoduje na tom, že teorii spravedlivé války je třeba modifikovat, aby zůstala platným etickým rámcem pro vysvětlení vojenských konfliktů. Výzkumnou otázkou této práce je, jaký vliv má rozvoj válečných technologií na teorii spravedlivé války. Pro zodpovězení této otázky byla zvolena forma výzkumného designu případové studie, přičemž jako tato případová studie bude použit druhý konflikt v Náhorním Karabachu. Práce dochází k závěru, že základní principy teorie spravedlivé války jsou skutečně ovlivněny rozvíjející se válečnou technologií a je nutná další revize teorie, aby byla kompatibilní s rychlým tempem rozvoje válečné technologie.
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Borderline duties and fuzzy values: An analysis of vagueness in ethics
Bridgewater Mateu, Martí ; Andrić, Vuko (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to argue that the problem of overdemanding obligation in consequentialism within normative ethics is fundamentally a problem of vagueness in the specific sense in which the issue is treated within the philosophy of logic and language. This realisation leads to a substantial reframing of the question with two main takeaways: the first is an undermining of the plausibility of maximising consequentialism, and the second is that certain fairly intricate positions taken on issues of the philosophy of logic bear heavily on commitments we may adopt at the level of normative ethics.
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Relationship Between Citizen and State in the Countries of Former Yugoslavia: Interdisciplinary Investigations
Tasic, Nikola ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Halamka, Tomáš (referee)
The relationship between citizens and the state has intrigued scholars for centuries. This research proposes a new approach to investigating this interaction: the Bipolar Theory Framework. The Framework presupposes that citizens live between two clusters of elements, grouped in the Positive and the Negative pole, which exert diametrically opposite influences on their political loyalty. The Positive Pole acts to foster feelings of loyalty and is based on factors rooted in shared heritage. These elements include shared ethnicity, territory, religion, and symbols. On the other hand, the Negative Pole primarily comprises elements pertaining to the socio-economic and political environment and works in the opposite direction. The elements presented here are political corruption, low SES, and poor quality of public services. The final question that this Framework aims to address is which of these poles has a greater impact on citizens when they make the decision to emigrate from their state. This is presented under the presumption that emigration is the highest act of disloyalty a citizen can commit in times of peace and war alike. However, in order to get there, this thesis followed a carefully developed structure that addressed multiple hypotheses. The first task was to prove the effect of the listed...
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