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Immunomodulation effects of the hyperthermia in cancer treatment
Kubeš, Jiří ; Rosina, Jozef (advisor) ; Vrba, Jan (referee) ; Zámečník, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation thesis "Immunomodulation effects of the hyperthermia in cancer treatment" relates on the hyperthermia as evolving method of the cancer treatment. The first part describes hyperthermia in general, especially physical principles of the heating, the equipment necessary for clinical practice of the hyperthermia, basic effects in biological tissues, clinical indications and results. The second part is brief review of mechanisms antitumor immunological response, with emphasis on antigenicity of tumor cells and effector cells in antitumor response.
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Detection and visualization of native and artificial chondrogenous tissue using biophysical methods
Rampichová, Michala ; Amler, Evžen (advisor) ; Rosina, Jozef (referee) ; Kolářová, Hana (referee)
Tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field, based on using scaffolds made from natural or synthetic materials in combination with cells and stimulating factors for the replacement of damaged or lost tissue. It is very important to evaluate qualities of these scaffolds, which are necessary for cell proliferation and their mechanical support. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable scaffold for chondrocyte proliferation, scaffold functionalization and detection of cells and proteins of extracellular matrix (ECM) using methods of fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Another aim was to test an appropriate scaffold on a big animal model in vivo. Several scaffolds from natural and synthetic materials, in the form of microfibers, non-woven textiles, gels and foams were prepared for this study. Scaffolds were seeded with chondrocytes and cell adhesion, proliferation and synthesis of ECM proteins were detected. Methods of fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy and second harmonic generation (SHG) were used for visualization of cells and proteins. A hydrogel based on fibrin and hyaluronan was used as an scaffold for osteochondral defect regeneration in minipigs study. Prepared scaffolds showed high biocompatibility, good chondrocyte adhesion and ECM proteins synthesis. Moreover, microfibrous...
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Characterization of functionalized fibres for mesenchymal stem cells cultivation and differentiation
Greplová, Jarmila ; Amler, Evžen (advisor) ; Rosina, Jozef (referee)
Modification of nanofibers is an actual trend in tissue engineering. Polyvinylacohol (PVA) is nontoxic and biodegradable polymer suitable for preparation of submicron fibers by electrospinning. Main disadvantage of PVA fibers is rapid degradation in aqueous environment. On the other hand surface of fibers contains free hydroxyl group that could be chemically modified. In recent work, chemical modification of PVA nanofibers prepared by needleless electrospinning was investigated. Polyethylenglykol (PEG) linker was introduced to the fiber surface by acylation (PVA-PEG) and further modified by biotin (PVA-PEG-b) as a function agent. Process of chemical modification does not affected fibrous morphology of samples. Interestingly, linkage of PEG-b linker promoted stability of PVA in aqueous environment. PVA-PEG-b sample was stable for 41 days. Stability of samples was strongly dependent on amount of introduced PEG-b linker, thus proposed method of modification allows to prepare nanofibers of different solubility. Additionally, biocompatibility of chemically modified nanofibers with both mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and chondrocytes was determined. Proliferation of both cell types was not sufficient and number of cells decreased in time, probably because of high hydrophility of modified PVA scaffold. To...
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Physical factors influencing the development of corneal damage by UV rays
Čejka, Čestmír ; Rosina, Jozef (advisor) ; Štípek, Stanislav (referee) ; Amler, Evžen (referee) ; Salminen, Lotta (referee)
Purpose: The purpose of the Thesis "Physical factors influencing the development of corneal damage by UV rays" was a) to determine the light absorption properties in the rabbit cornea irradiated with UVB rays by measuring of physical values of absorbance A and transmittance T as functions of wavelength ; b) To investigate the absorption coefficient as a function of wavelength ; c) To evaluate the importance of this coefficient for corneal light absorption properties; d) To determine the light absorption properties in the rabbit cornea irradiated with UVA by measuring of physical values of absorbance A and transmittance T as functions of wavelength (to compare the effect of UVA with UVB rays). Material and Methods: To achieve individual aims, the new spectrohotometrical method was developed and following experimets were performed: a) Repeted irradiation of the rabbit cornea with UVB rays (daily dose 1.01 J/cm2 during 5 days); b) Repeated irradiation of the rabbit cornea with UVA rays (daily dose 1.01 J/cm2 or 2.02 J/cm2) during five days; c) Repeated irradiation of the rabbit cornea with the daily dose of 1.01 J/cm2 during 4 days and in individual time intervals investigation of corneal light absorption and hydration changes; d) The anti-UV efficacy of UV filter (actinoquinol combined with hyaluronic acid,...
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Identification of changes in mechanical characteristics of human axial system as a result of loading and relaxation regime
Van der Kamp Kloučková, Kateřina ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Maršík, František (referee) ; Rosina, Jozef (referee)
Problem: A lot of attention is given to the safety of the driving and the possibility to register fatigue of the drivers. Driving cars is monotony and static. Vibration loading, which causes changes in the axial system. This causes discomfort and fatigue to drivers after some time of exposure to the loading. Hypothesis: It is possible to prove the changes of mechanical characteristics (indicators) of the axial system using the TVS (transfer vibration through spine) method. By using TVS method before and after different types of loading or before and after relaxation it is possible to detect changes of the viscoelastic properties. This can be done by checking changes in the way of waves transfer through the axial system of the observed participants. Objective: Verify the possibility of use of TVS method to register changes of the viscoelastic characteristics of the axial system. Method: The TVS was chosen as a detection method. The method is based on the use of five-msec semi-bandwidth γ pulse stimuli and consequent application of continuously changing harmonic stimuli which periodically differ between 5Hz and 160Hz to the vertebrae C7 and L5. This wave is carried through the axial system and its acceleration on the spinous processes between C7 and S1 is scanned with the help of accelerometric...
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Risk factors of malignant melanoma, its possibilities of prevention and early diagnosis
Kulichová, Daniela ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor) ; Rosina, Jozef (referee) ; Dohnal, Karel (referee)
Background Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most important environmental risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Nonetheless, information concerning ultraviolet exposure in many populations, including the central European population, is lacking. Objectives The aim of our study was to investigate risk factors for malignant melanoma, particularly those related to ultraviolet exposure behavior in two European neighboring countries, Germany and the Czech Republic. Methods We conducted a hospital-based case-control study. 224 consecutive patients were diagnosed with melanoma in two dermatological clinics (Prague and Munich). Controls were 268 patients with other conditions from the same hospitals. All subjects completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic data and factors related to ultraviolet exposure. Associations between melanoma, ultraviolet exposure and other variables were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Patients with red hair had higher risk of developing melanoma than those with other hair color (odds ratio 3.597, 95% confidence interval 1.341-9.646). A similar trend was seen when comparing phototypes; subjects with phototype I and II had a higher likelihood of melanoma than those with phototype III (OR 4.028 and 4.837, 95%CI 1.929-8.411 and 2.574- 9.086). Frequent...
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Ethical context of resource allocation with regard to the possibilities and limits of chronic dialysis treatment
Dingová Šliková, Martina ; Jedličková, Anetta (advisor) ; Dusilová Sulková, Sylvie (referee) ; Rosina, Jozef (referee)
The main theme of the dissertation work are allocations of sources in regular dialysis treatment in ethical context. The aim of the work is detection, description and understanding to ethical problems forming in context with questionable allocation of sources in regular dialysis treatment. The theoretical part of the work is concentrated on mapping above mentioned problems from various point of view. By the help of analysis of pertinent literature it is referred to historical determination and social-economic context of difficult allocation of rare sources in health service, which subsequently caused development of specific ethical problems in clinical practice of dialysis treatment. Above mentioned ethical problems are discussed chronologically, namely from the first using of a dialysis device up to now, when this therapy is considered to be a standard clinical method. The practical part of the work contains results of high-quality research, the aim of which was to explore the experience of respondents with allocation of resources in regular dialysis treatment and so in ethical context. The dates for the research were obtained by the help of expert dialogues, the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to the analysis of dates. The results of the research is the interpretation...
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Autonomous system for maintaining the biophysical conditions required for culturing biological cultures in vitro
Matějka, Roman ; Rosina, Jozef (advisor) ; Pantoflíček, Tomáš (referee) ; Kvašňák, Eugen (referee)
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Surgical techniques, including bridging, replacing, or plasticizing damaged tissue, need suitable grafts for these operations. The ideal source is autologously obtained grafts, which, however, require another invasive approach, and there are not enough of them, or they do not meet the optimal anatomical form. Allogeneic grafts from cadaveric donors are not immediately available for acute interventions. Synthetic replacements show good results in large arteries, but restenosis occurs in small diameter vessels and often require further reoperation. The use of tissue engineering methods to modify these replacements by cell colonization may provide their better patency. Furthermore, decellularized xenogeneic tissues are promising matrices for the development of tissue-engineered cardiovascular grafts. Due decellularization the immunogenic complex is minimized while maintaining a suitable building structure. In combination with recolonization with suitable cells using culture bioreactors, new functional cardiovascular replacements can be created. Endothelialization of the inner lumen is a crucial element in the formation of cardiovascular replacements. The effect of shear stress simulated in the bioreactor has a positive effect on...
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Imaging of Soft Tissues in Micro-CT
Patzelt, Matěj ; Rosina, Jozef (advisor) ; Vránová, Jana (referee) ; Fiala, Pavel (referee)
X-ray radiography is a noninvasive imaging technique for a visualization of internal structures of investigated samples. In past years, imaging of biological samples in a micro-CT is gaining in popularity. The disadvantage of this technology is a low ability to display soft tissues like muscles, fat tissue or nerves due to their low intrinsic contrast. The aim of this study was to modify a conventional micro-CT MARS in order to improve the scanning of the soft tissues and to create a protocol for simple and cheap fixation of ex-vivo soft tissues for micro-CT scanning. In the study, a modified micro-CT MARS was used together with a photon-counting detector Timepix Quad with the resolution 30µm. The micro-CT was afterward tested on the phantom and also on the real soft tissues. For scanning soft tissues in the micro-CT, the ethanol fixation method was invented. Hearts and lungs from laboratory mice were either fixated in 97%, 50% ethanol solution or in a series of ascending ethanol concentrations. Images were acquired after 72, 168 and 336 hours. The resulting images were compared among themselves and with the native specimens. This fixation method was also used in scanning healthy mice brains in order to evaluate the contribution of displaying of a brain in a micro-CT in the research of the central...
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