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Use of capacitive deionization method for water treatment
Švábová, Martina ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
Capacitive deionization technologies have gained significant attention in recent years. The development and availability of a variety of materials have enabled the growth of research on electrosorption, which makes capacitive deionization increasingly attractive. This technology has a wide range of applications, such as softening, desalination and selective removal, each of which has been the focus of the experimental part of this work. The theoretical part is devoted to the issue of functioning of capacitive deionization, electrode material and especially the specific application. Water desalination is a major issue, given the global shortage of drinking water and the possibility of using capacitive deionization as a competitive method to conventional desalination methods. Conversely, softening and selective removal of ions can pose everyday problems both in the treatment of drinking water or pre-treatment of industrial water and in the treatment of wastewater. In this diploma thesis, it was proved that the method of capacitive deionization can be used to solve all the above problems. Although capacitive deionization is not a commercially available technology in the Czech Republic yet, it can be expected to be used more and more in the future.
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Removing organic contamination from water, using UV radiation.
Venská, Petra ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on possibilities of applications of UV radiation to remove pollutants from water. It summarizes sources of UV radiation and list their benefits and properties. The thesis characterizes so called advanced oxidation processes using UV light. Degradation pathways od pyridine and its derivatives especially halogenated pyridines are described. The photodegradability of pyridine and a rate of this reaction in model water is investigated in the experimental part. Also, the effect of concentration and dose of H2O2 is assessed. Gas chromatography was used to determinate concentrations of pyridine in samples.
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Analysis of drug residues in waters from small wastewater treatment plants
Pešková, Karolína ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of pharmaceuticals residues in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants used for smaller sources of pollution (up to 2000 population equivalent). Pharmaceuticals entering the environment are a highly discussed topic, especially due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, negative effects on non-target organisms, vegetation etc. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with smaller wastewater treatment plants or root sewage treatment plants, which achieve excellent results in the field of organic pollution removal. It deals with their detailed description, functioning or division. Attention is paid to pharmaceuticals in general, mechanisms of their removal and methods of their determination in wastewater. In total of 24 drugs from the group of beta-blockers, macrolide antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antidepressants and sulfonamides were selected for analysis. In the experimental part of this diploma thesis, wastewater samples were taken from domestic wastewater treatment plants (type AT 6, AT 12 Plus, AT 30 and AT 150) and from the root sewage treatment plant of Dražovice. The samples were first processed using optimized extraction method (solid phase extraction) and then analyzed using optimized UPLC-ESI-MS method. The presence of pharmaceuticals residues was confirmed in all analysed wastewater. The highest concentrations were detected for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals – ibuprofen and diclofenac.
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Classification of material used for the construction of garden ponds
Sýkora, Jiří ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of the occurrence forms of inorganic phosphorus in water garden ponds and used material impact on the amount of releasable amount of phosphorus in the form of phosphates in the water medium. The practical part of this work focuses on the analysis and subsequent classification of building materials for the production of garden ponds just by releasing ability of phosphorus in the form of phosphates in the water.
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Determination of tensides in waste and waste waters
Sigetová, Martina ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Surfactants belong to the surface active agents with the ability to reduce surface tension, which is used mainly in detergents and cleaners. The diploma thesis is focused on the determination of surfactants in waste and waste waters. The theoretical part describes the basic properties of surfactants, their distribution, valid legislation in the EU and SR in the field of working with these materials and a variety of analytical methods for the determination of these substances. The conclusion of the thesis is to evaluate the results of measuring the concentration of anionic surfactants, which were determined in samples of waste water and sludge.
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Application of membrane methods for recycling of washing water from sand filters of pool technology
Humeníková, Juliana ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the application of membrane processes for the treatment of washing water from sand filters of pool technology to parameters suitable for its reuse, not only on a theoretical level, but also on a real example. The experimental part deals with the monitoring of relevant parameters given by Decree no. 568/2000 Sb. and other technologically significant water quality indicators. All monitored parameters in the reverse osmosis permeate reached satisfactory values and thus it was concluded that the effluent water is suitable for reuse. Instead of being discharged into the sewer, it is possible to recycle 70 to 80 % of the washed water per day thanks to the applied technology, which saves approximately 20 m3 of water per day.
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Monitoring the effectiveness of selected adsorbents in removing AOX from water
Rutarová, Natálie ; Kotzurová, Iveta (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The diploma thesis was created in cooperation with the company Art Carbon and is focused on monitoring the effectiveness of ART SAND adsorbents in removing AOX from water. The theoretical part provides an overview and basic characteristics of AOX, their impact on the environment and the possibility of their removal. The experimental part is focused on the study of the effectiveness of selected adsorbents with the subsequent use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. Two ART SAND, ASSP50 and ASPP50-X adsorbents, supplied by ArtCarbon, were selected 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol to monitor adsorption.
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Optimization of the coagulation procedure for wastewater treatment
Švábová, Martina ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the optimization of the determination of the chemical oxygen demand in the test tubes and the optimization of the coagulation process for the external company. COD is one of the basic analysis for all types of water, although there are numerous environmentally-unfriendly agents in case of using a standard version produced. Therefore, an alternative method of using the test tubes was used, the procedure of which has been modified from ČSN ISO 15705 and is now available to the public. The aim was also to optimize the coagulation process in the treatment of wastewater from an industrial paintshop. The minimum dose of coagulating agent occurring in the instructions for usage was disproved and the pH value at which aluminium sulfate as a coagulating agent was proposed.
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Monitoring of the contents of phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater
Herka, Milan ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This master´s thesis is focused on the occurrence of phosphorus and nitrogen in effluents and methods of their determination. In the theoretical part of the thesis describes methods for the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus in waste waters, their selection and optimization methods including mobile analytics. Experimental section is devoted to the abstraction of wastewater from selected wastewater treatment plants and their analysis methods including mobile analytics and comparing them with the presentation of their results. The conclusion is drawn evaluate the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater influent and effluent from wastewater treatment plants and compared the variation of these values during the one-month study and compared with published data.
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Removal of metabolites of pesticides from groundwater during treatment for drinking water
Vaněk, Michal ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Král,, Pavel (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the efficiency of pesticide metabolite removal at a water treatment plant. In the introduction, a research on the issue of pesticide substances in raw water, their removal during the treatment to drinking water and the basic classification of pesticides is made. The thesis includes an introduction to the issues at a specific water treatment plant, technological changes at the water treatment plant, tabulated and graphically processed measured values of pesticide metabolites in groundwater source and drinking water. In the conclusion of the thesis, individual pesticide metabolites are discussed, their sorption on granular activated carbon is assessed and conclusions are drawn.
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