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Stochastic simulations and modelling in the magnetotelluric method
Klanica, Radek ; Pek, Josef (advisor) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee) ; Velímský, Jakub (referee)
In the thesis I deal with the development of a stochastic inversion procedure for the magnetotelluric method in 1D/2D isotropic and anisotropic cases, and its application to both synthetic and real data. The magnetotelluric method is a geoelectric inductive technique that utilizes variations of naturally occurring electromagnetic fields as a source of the electromagnetic induction for estimating the Earth's subsurface resistivity to depths of several tens of kilometres. The purpose of the inversion procedure is to estimate a real distribution of the electrical resistivity in the Earth's subsurface from surface measurements. Common inversion procedures in magnetotellurics perform a model optimization by minimizing the misfit between the data and the model response. Stochastic methods are based on the exploration of the model parameter space, and they pick models according to their probability, which makes them effective for the solution of high-dimensional problems which do not show a single pronounced minimum of the target function. The effective ways of mapping the parameter space are sampling algorithms based on Monte Carlo simulations which allow to sort models according to their probability. Results of these methods are obtained in the form of a fully probabilistic description of the...
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Seismic noise analysis at selected stations of the WEBNET network
Bachura, Martin ; Fischer, Tomáš (advisor) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee)
Seismic signal is affected by noise of non-geological origin. The main source of seismic noise is in human activities. Seismic noise of human origin occurs in the frequency range from one to the first tens of Hz. The noise intensity limits the lower level of the earthquake size that can be recorded by a seismic network. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the seismic noise on selected stations of the West Bohemian seismic network WEBNET which operates in the area since the early nineties. The earthquakes in West Bohemia/Vogtland are manifested in the form of long-lasting earthquake swarms with the magnitudes ranging up to ML = 3.8. The way how the seismic noise influences the seismic stations and their capability of recording small earthquakes can be classified by a statistical and time-frequency analysis. We applied this method to the selected stations NKC, KRC and SKC. The results show that the effect of noise does not deteriorate the seinsitivity of the three stations for recording small earthquakes. Despite of quite good results, some differences occur among the three stations, which are most probably caused by the distance of the stations to the populated areas. The smallest noise influence is observed at the stations located far from settlement (NKC and KRC) compared to the station located in a small...
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Effect of water reservoirs to seismicity
Beránek, Roman ; Vilhelm, Jan (advisor) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee)
The appearance of seismic activity after construction and filling of a water reservoir has been observed in many places around the world, including localities considered to be formerly aseismic. Occurrence and intensity of these earthquakes are determined by water reservo- irs' parameters, filling and discharging states and by local geological conditions and regional tectonic stress. The thesis firstly deals with two of the world's known significant hydroseis- micity examples and described is also seismicity in Nový Kostel area. The different types of hydroseismicity are thoroughly described along with all the major differences from ordinary earthquakes. The thesis further explains how water reservoirs may affect conditions important for earthquake occurrence such as hydrostatic pressure increase, pore pressure increase, and groundwater flow. These influences are related to water level fluctuations and therefore are described methods to analyze the relationship between earthquake occurrence and water level changes. Classical methods of crosscorrelation and frequency analysis are explained as well as not so common method of SSA (Singular Spectral Analysis). In the last section are all of these methods listed above applied to seismic data from the Nový Kostel area and water level measurements from...
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Surface Wave Analysis and Inversion-Application to the Bohemian Massif
Kolínský, Petr ; Prokop Brokešová, Johana (advisor) ; Novotný, Oldřich (referee) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee)
title: Surface Wave Analysis and Inversion Application to the Bohemian Massif author: Mgr. Petr Kolínský, DiS. author's e-mail address: kolinsky@irsm.cas.cz departments: Department of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague V Holešovičkách 2, Praha 8 - 180 00, Czech Republic and Department of Seismology Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic V Holešovičkách 41, Praha 8 - 182 09, Czech Republic supervisor: RNDr. Johana Brokešová, CSc. supervisor's e-mail address: johana.brokesova@mff.cuni.cz consultant: RNDr. Jiří Málek, PhD. consultant's e-mail address: malek@irsm.cas.cz keywords: surface waves, group velocity, phase velocity, frequency-time analysis, multiple filtering, tomography, inversion problems, Earth crust structure, Bohemian Massif An overview of surface wave analysis methods as well as of inversion techniques is given. Special attention is paid to the multiple filtering method for dispersion curve estimation, which is described by two different ways in detail. The isometric method is used for dispersion curve inversion and its description and tests are presented. Described methods are further used in applications. The applications show examples of surface wave analysis and inversion for 1D and 2D...
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Seismic Site Effects (Data Analysis and Modelling)
Caserta, Arrigo ; Zahradník, Jiří (advisor) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee) ; Burjánek, Jan (referee)
A comprehensive study of the soil shaking under the seismic wave-field ex- citation is presented. It includes theoretical, geological, geotechnical, data analysis and numerical simulations aspects. The aim is to quantify the main parameters allowing the estimate of the soil shaking in urban areas for better mitigating seismic risk due to future earthquakes. The city of Rome has been chosen as a case study because of its high density of popula- tion and large concentration of historical monuments with high earthquake vulnerability. This study improves significantly the knowledge concerning the detailed near-surface geology of the chosen study area of Rome, ful- fills the absence both of knowledge concerning its geotechnical properties and earthquake data recordings in the city. Among others, it allows for a better explanation of the spatial damage pattern observed in the city due to earthquakes in the past. The main innovations include the construction and long-term operation a seismic array in the city, analysis of the natural seismic noise, and instrumental recordings of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake sequence. The 3D array (including a borehole sensor at 70-m depth) is the first one in Italy planned, realized and operated within an urban area, and the first one that recorded a significant earthquake in...
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Automatic processing of microseismic data and their relation to the hydraulic injection
Vlček, Josef ; Fischer, Tomáš (advisor) ; Plicka, Vladimír (referee) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee)
Microseismic monitoring is an integral part of scientific experiments or industrial operations associated with the hydraulic fracturing of bedrock, which is an effort to increase the permeability of rocks in the area and improve the exploitation, whether of heat, oil or natural gas. Monitoring of such newly formed or growing original fractures, usually followed by seismic events, is very important for observation and describing the hydraulic fracturing itself and its progress over time. Since the number of such events recorded is usually very high, classical methods of earthquake processing, where the arrival times of seismic waves are determined manually, seem to be very inappropriate. For this reason, automatic methods are used to process such datasets, which do not require manual determination of the arrival times of the seismic waves. In our case, the data were recorded by a dense network of surface receivers arranged in the shape of a ten-arm star. It was a total of more than nine hundred groups of vertical geophones, of which more than a quarter were also supplemented by a three-component seismic sensor. We then created an automatic procedure for the described network, the result of which is the determination of the location and the source mechanism for each seismic event. The recorded...
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Stochastic simulations and modelling in the magnetotelluric method
Klanica, Radek ; Pek, Josef (advisor) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee) ; Velímský, Jakub (referee)
In the thesis I deal with the development of a stochastic inversion procedure for the magnetotelluric method in 1D/2D isotropic and anisotropic cases, and its application to both synthetic and real data. The magnetotelluric method is a geoelectric inductive technique that utilizes variations of naturally occurring electromagnetic fields as a source of the electromagnetic induction for estimating the Earth's subsurface resistivity to depths of several tens of kilometres. The purpose of the inversion procedure is to estimate a real distribution of the electrical resistivity in the Earth's subsurface from surface measurements. Common inversion procedures in magnetotellurics perform a model optimization by minimizing the misfit between the data and the model response. Stochastic methods are based on the exploration of the model parameter space, and they pick models according to their probability, which makes them effective for the solution of high-dimensional problems which do not show a single pronounced minimum of the target function. The effective ways of mapping the parameter space are sampling algorithms based on Monte Carlo simulations which allow to sort models according to their probability. Results of these methods are obtained in the form of a fully probabilistic description of the...
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Approximation of static moduli of rocks from dynamic moduli determined by sonic well logging using T-matrix model
Chalupa, František ; Vilhelm, Jan (advisor) ; Rudajev, Vladimír (referee) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee)
(EN) Thesis deals with an approximation of static moduli in wells from dynamic moduli determined by acoustic well logging using T-matrix model. Proposed approach makes possible to determine moduli values, which are close to values of static moduli, which would be determined by loading tests. This approach is based on an idea, that an intact rock with sufficiently high compressional strength sc and sufficiently high value of static Young's modulus Es, manifests more or less linear elastic behaviour. In such case, the values of static and dynamic moduli are identical. This fact has been experimentally verified for rocks with values of sc and Es in order of higher tens of MPa and GPa respectively. In case of a rock damage presence in such rock, it's behaviour becomes nonlinearly elastic. The amount of nonlinearity is proportional to increasing amount of rock damage. This results in the difference between values of static and dynamic moduli. T-matrix model is used to quantify this difference. This model is based on an anisotropic rock matrix with ellipsoidal inclusions. These inclusions can affect each other. The result of this model calculation is a group of values of elastic constants, which we call effective moduli. These effective moduli include the effect of porosity in the rock as well and they...
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Effect of water reservoirs to seismicity
Beránek, Roman ; Vilhelm, Jan (advisor) ; Růžek, Bohuslav (referee)
The appearance of seismic activity after construction and filling of a water reservoir has been observed in many places around the world, including localities considered to be formerly aseismic. Occurrence and intensity of these earthquakes are determined by water reservo- irs' parameters, filling and discharging states and by local geological conditions and regional tectonic stress. The thesis firstly deals with two of the world's known significant hydroseis- micity examples and described is also seismicity in Nový Kostel area. The different types of hydroseismicity are thoroughly described along with all the major differences from ordinary earthquakes. The thesis further explains how water reservoirs may affect conditions important for earthquake occurrence such as hydrostatic pressure increase, pore pressure increase, and groundwater flow. These influences are related to water level fluctuations and therefore are described methods to analyze the relationship between earthquake occurrence and water level changes. Classical methods of crosscorrelation and frequency analysis are explained as well as not so common method of SSA (Singular Spectral Analysis). In the last section are all of these methods listed above applied to seismic data from the Nový Kostel area and water level measurements from...
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