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Cementochronology and its importance in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology: a comparison between individuals of different climatic zones
Pytlíčková, Kristýna ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Velemínský, Petr (referee)
In the field of forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, there is a constant search for more suitable and reliable methods that would allow the estimation of age and seasonality at the time of death of individuals. This work is devoted to the method of cementochronology. It is a method that works with continuously growing dental tissue - a cement layer, whose regular periodic growth is closely correlated with increasing age. The diploma thesis is based on 2 sets of teeth of individuals of known age and extraction season, which come from different geographically different populations - Czech and Malaysian. The group of the Czech population contains a total of 21 teeth, the group of the Malaysian population contains 11 teeth. Histological specimens were prepared from these samples and 5 sections were analyzed from each individual, in which the incremental lines of the root cement layer were counted and the nature of the last incremental line to estimate seasonality. The results of age estimation achieved by us in both groups, the Czech and Malaysian populations, were close to the chronological age of the individual. The average difference between these ages in the samples of the Czech population was 1,15 years, with the results being overestimated more often. The average difference in the sample of...
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Gait as a diagnostic marker for neurodegeneration
Pytlíčková, Kristýna ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Kotěrová, Anežka (referee)
This bachelor theis describes the relationship between gait and neurodegenerative diseases. The beginning of the work is devoted to the general definition of walking and factors that contribute to its variability. The strucutre of the walk cycle is described and what phases of the cycle look like. Subsequently, the evolutionary aspect of bipedia is outlined. The next part is devoted to the neural control of motor work. It describes which areas of the central and peripheral nervous system are involved in it and how the entire pathway from the central system, where the stimulus to motion is generated, through the nerve pathways to the periphery, where the movement is performer by the muscle unit. Then the thesis deals with individual methods used for quantification of walking. For the purposes of this work, these are divided into standardized ones that are routinely performer in a clinical setting, ie in hospital or laboratory, and real-life measurements, which are used for long-term monitoring in the patient's everyday life conditions. Standardized tests are further divided into non-invasive and invasive depending on whether or not the integrity of the individual is impaired. Practical application of these methods is described on four selected neurodegenerative diseases. Attention is focused on...
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