National Repository of Grey Literature 102 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Comparison of usage of selected apperception techniques in children aged 6 to 7 years
Tylš Adámková, Jana ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Sotáková, Hana (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (referee)
The main topic of this dissertation is the usage of apperception techniques in diagnosing children aged 6 to 7 years, with an emphasis on the practice of School Psychology. The theoretical part focuses primarily on psychological diagnosis in School Psychology with the emphasis on apperception techniques, their benefits, and downfalls. The other focus is on the Thematic Apperception Test and Roberts-2, as well as selected assessment systems. The practical part is introduced by the research methodology. Both diagnostic methods were administered to 30 children aged 6 to 7 years, whose responses were assessed using standardized systems, and subsequently compared both quantitatively and qualitatively. The main finding is that the stories evoked by Roberts-2 cards exceeds the stories evoked by TAT cards in developmental quality, the latter of which the children find too overloading to produce an optimal reaction, with varied results in their adaptability. The dissertation also presents the specifics of administering these methods to children. Based on the data derived from 50 children, the Czech norms for Roberts-2 method for children aged 6 to 7 were created in their working stage, and than compared with the original American norms.
Depressive rumination: testing the analytical rumination hypothesis in patients with depressive disorder
Janíčková, Petra ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Dymešová, Gabriela (referee)
Depression is commonly viewed as a pathology. Depressive rumination, one of the key symptoms of depression is thought to be a maladaptive cognitive style that contributes to worse and longer depressive episodes. Here I present an alternative approach called the analytical rumination hypothesis (ARH). ARH proposes that depression is an evolved response to complex analytical problems. In a study on inmate patients of the National institute of mental health in Klecany with diagnosed depression we tested the validity of the ARH through assessing the influence of depressive rumination on mood, cognitive performance and electrophysiological correlates. Rumination was experimentally induced by expressive writing. In the control condition we used the distractive writing method. The results show a corresponding effect of rumination on the mood of our patients as expected. However, we were not able to see the proposed effects on cognitive abilities. KEY WORDS Depression, rumination, adaptation, cognition, affective state, neural correlates
Intra-individual variability in perception of otherness
Doubková, Nikola ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Riegel, Karel Dobroslav (referee) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee)
This dissertation focuses on intra-individual variability in the perception of otherness, specifically on the variability of experienced emotions toward diverse representatives of otherness in relation to attitudes and personality functioning. At the beginning of the thesis, the theoretical background is introduced, especially the concept of otherness. A total of 205 respondents from the general population and the population of people with mental disorders participated in the study. The research was conducted in three phases, and the results are presented in three studies. In the first phase, the semi-structured interview assessing the severity levels of personality functioning (STiP-5.1) was translated into Czech, and its psychometric properties were verified. In the second phase, the association between attitudes toward minorities and the level of personal functioning impairment was examined. The last, third phase focused on the intra-individual variability of experienced emotions (disgust, empathy, anger, compassion, pity, respect) toward different representatives of otherness (e.g., close ones, Romani, migrants, people with mental disorders) and its relation to personality functioning and attitudes, using the experience sampling method. Significant differences in personality functioning were...
The effect of group CBT psychotherapy on the level of functional personality skills in relation to identity in patients with neurotic disorders
Škrábová, Michaela ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Doubková, Nikola (referee)
This thesis aims to test the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for hospitalized and outpatients at the National Institute of Mental Health who have been diagnosed with anxiety spectrum disorder. It focuses on mapping the patients' personal functioning in relation to the identity dimension. For this purpose, the semi-structured interview STiP-5.1 according to the alternative model of DSM-5 and the Personality Functioning Skills Scale LPFS-BF 2.0 were used.The literature review section focuses on the introduction of identity and its development as a lifelong process, introducing the different components of identity and relevant theories in contrast to the current conception of identity with regard to the research aim. Furthermore, space is devoted to the concept of neurotic disorders classification systems and their characteristics in terms of personal functioning and identity. Subsequently, the concept of personality functioning and the theoretical background of the alternative DSM-5 model on which it is based are introduced. The literature review part of the paper concludes with a description of the theoretical background of the patients' treatment plan. The empirical part of the thesis defines the research and research questions. The methods used and the method of statistical data...
A pilot study of efficiency of cognitive behavioral treatment on pacients with anxiety disorders with special focus on intimacy
Hanušová, Nikola ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
In my master's thesis, I investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on patients with anxiety disorders, with a specific focus on the area of intimacy. I examine changes in personality functioning, differences between the control and experimental groups, the influence of program completion under different conditions, and the impact of socio-demographic variables. The pilot study subjects are patients who completed the program in Ward 1 or attended the day clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health. The patients underwent a six- week cognitive-behavioral therapy program with elements that focus on intimacy. Interviews were conducted with patients at the beginning and end of the program to monitor changes in personality functioning. The research tools STiP 5.1 and LPFS-BF 2.0 were used for measurement. The results were subsequently compared with respondents from the intact population (currently not undergoing any psychotherapeutic or psychiatric treatment) who underwent interviews at the same time intervals. It was found that it is possible to measure disruptions in personality functioning of anxious patients based on STiP 5.1 and LPFS-BF 2.0, which differ from the personality functioning of the intact population. Based on the comparison of the first and second assessments of...
Empathy in patients with anxiety disorders - pilot study of capturing change during a psychotherapeutic stay
Linhart, David ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Křížová, Ivana (referee)
This diploma thesis was created as a part of a doctoral research project of Mgr. Ing. Sofia Diondet, and was a basis for two other diploma theses of Bc. Nikola Hanušová and Bc. Michaela Škrábová. It studied empathy in patients with anxiety disorders and its main aim was to capture change in empathy within this population after a 7week psychotherapeutic stay. Thesis had several secondary aims: to verify lower level of empathic functioning in anxiety patients and an existence of a positive relationship of self and interview rated empathy; also, to determine whether there is a relationship between empathy and anxiety symptoms. To achieve this, two groups were created: experimental (N = 50) consisting of anxiety patients and control group (N = 19) consisting of healthy volunteers of which 12 finished both examinations. Scores of em- pathic functioning measured by STiP-5.1 and LPFS-BF 2.0 were taken before and after the 7week psychotherapeutic stay along with scores of Beck's questionnaires of anxiety and de- pression. To analyse the data non- parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests, ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. Total emphatic functioning and all its facets improved (scores decreased) after psychotherapeutic stay in the experimental group; though the only...
Diagnosis of PTSD - A contribution to validization per interview and questionnaire methods
Králová, Michaela ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Dymešová, Gabriela (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to contribute to the validation of diagnostic methods Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 and Life Events Checklist-5 intended for PTSD diagnostics. For this purpose, the practical part of this work focused on finding differences between the group of respondents from the general population (N = 303) and the clinical group of people exposed to trauma (N = 28). As part of the research of this work, a clinical group of persons who were assigned PTSD criteria according to DSM-5 and DSM-IV for posttraumatic stress disorder was created. The clinical group of persons was divided into the groups "diagnosed with PTSD" and "at risk of diagnosed with PTSD" according to the fulfilled DSM- 5 criteria. The results of statistical data analysis verify the validity of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 method, in which the clinical group of people diagnosed with PTSD achieves statistically higher results than the control group, as well as the group of people exposed to trauma at risk of PTSD. A statistically significant difference was also found between the control group of people diagnosed with PTSD and the group of people from the general population in methods measuring the rate of anxiety and depressive symptoms, confirming the convergent validity of the...
Academic dishonesty and its relationship to work ethics
Horák, Lukáš ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Krámský, David (referee)
The thesis is concerned with possible relationship between the rate and kinds of academic dishonesty and work ethics. In the first segment of the theoretical section of the thesis, the extent of present research concerned with the reciprocal relationship of breaking of the rules in the context of school and work and the possibility of predicting aspects of work ethics on the basis of having knowledge about the rate of academic dishonesty of a given individual, is summarized. The second theoretical segment is a descripitiona and discussion of research of factors which affect both dishonesty in the school context and aspects of work ethics. On the basis of identification of these factors are in the empirical section analysed data, which were acquired through surveying of university level and high school students. Significant difference betwen the rates of dishonesty in high school and university level context, which is contradictory to some of the previous research literature.Relationship of the students to their grades and to some extent, gender, were shown to be significant influence on rate of academic dishonesty. The analysis of the direczt relationship between academic dishonesty and work ethics has yielded mixed results, suggesting, that the relationship si more complex than previously suspected

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