|
| |
|
|
Adsorption of pesticides onto granular activated carbon in water treatment process
Kopecká, Ivana ; Hnaťuková, Petra (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis is aimed at adsorption processes during the removal of pesticides onto granular activated carbon (GAC) in the process of drinking water treatment. Adsorption onto GAC represents an efficient method for pesticides removal. High adsorption efficiency can be significantly reduced due to the occurrence of natural organic matter (NOM) in raw water, which involves AOM (Algal Organic Matter) produced by phytoplankton. Analogous to NOM, AOM probably affects adsorption of pesticides by two different mechanisms - a direct site competition and pore blockage effect, in dependence on the different molecular weight of particular AOM fractions. Equilibrium batch and kinetic adsorption experiments were performed using two types of GAC (Norit 1240 and Filtrasorb 400) and two pesticides (terbuthylazine and alachlor). In order to examine the effect of AOM on adsorption of pesticides, raw GAC and GAC preloaded by AOM were used. The effect of pH on the competitive adsorption of AOM was also evaluated. A solid phase extraction (SPE) method and gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) were used to determine pesticides in water samples. AOM was characterized using fractionation onto sorptive resins. The representation of apparent molecular weights of AOM proteins was determined by...
|
|
|
Forest springs, a safe source of drinking water?
Mikuška, Pavel ; Alexa, Lukáš ; Kouřilová, S. ; Cigánková, Hana ; Křůmal, Kamil ; Itterheimová, Petra ; Kubáň, Petr ; Matoušek, Tomáš ; Barešová, Magdalena ; Pivokonský, Martin
Water from 25 forest springs was characterized for basic physical parameters and chemical and bacteriological composition. Chemical composition was mostly within limits for drinking water, but bacteriological results indicate faecal pollution of water in majority studied springs.
|
|
|
Advanced removal methods of matter difficult to coagulate during drinking water treatment
Fialová, Kateřina ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Mašín, Pavel (referee) ; Brányik, Tomáš (referee)
Nowadays, drinking water treatment (DWT) is becoming more and more challenging due to the increasing anthropogenic pollution as well as due to the impacts of climate change. Water sources commonly comprise a cocktail of undesirable substances, the removal of which by the conventional DWT process based on coagulation/flocculation is often insufficient. This dissertation deals with advanced removal methods, particularly adsorption, usable for difficult to coagulate substances during DWT. Particular emphasis is placed on removing manganese, algal organic matter (AOM), and per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Additionally, in the case of emerging anthropogenic pollutants, attention was also paid to their occurrence and interactions in water. As part of the research, a new TiO2-based adsorbent was synthesized for Mn2+ removal. Since the prepared adsorbent showed high Mn2+ removal efficiency in a much wider range of pH values compared to the conventional demanganization method, which requires very high pH values, it could serve as a suitable alternative demanganization method. Regarding the removal of AOM, the influence of solution properties on its adsorption onto different types of granular activated carbon (GAC) was thoroughly investigated. It was found that the efficiency of AOM...
|
|
|
Occurrence and removal of polluting organic substances during drinking water treatment
Prokopová, Michaela ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Brányiková, Irena (referee) ; Kříženecká, Sylvie (referee)
Water sources pollution by natural organic substances and anthropogenic micropollutants is a global problem with a significant impact on water treatability and drinking water quality. One of the current topics is the proliferation of algal and cyanobacterial cells and the associated release of algal organic matter (AOM). The presence of AOM in drinking water sources can deteriorate the water's taste and odour or serve as precursors of disinfection by-products., especially in the case of a high proportion of the non-proteinaceous AOM, which is difficult to remove by conventional coagulation/flocculation. A part of this thesis is devoted to the composition and characterization of AOM, its chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation, and the assessment of the ozonation of the non-proteinaceous AOM during drinking water treatment. The second part of this thesis deals with the occurrence, characterization and removal of persistent anthropogenic substances, namely microplastics (MPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), during the drinking water treatment. Based on the results of ozonation of the non-proteinaceous AOM fraction (NP), it was found that ozonation caused a change in the surface charge, molecular weight or partial mineralization of NP, depending on ozonation conditions (O3 dose, pH...
|
|
|
Possibilities of perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) removal in drinking water treatment plants and their occurrence in drinking water sources in the Czech Republic
Čermáková, Lenka ; Fialová, Kateřina ; Prokopová, Michaela ; Semerád, Jaroslav ; Petříček, Radim ; Pivokonská, Lenka ; Cajthaml, Tomáš ; Pivokonský, Martin
This summary research report was implemented within the project TAČR TJ04000212 program to support applied research ZÉTA „Possibilities of perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) removal in drinking water treatment plants and their occurrence in drinking water sources in the Czech Republic“. This report is addressed to water treatment plant operators and serves as a basic material for optimizing the coagulation / flocculation and adsorption process in water treatment. The report explains in detail the issue of removal of perfluorinated organic substances (PFCs) in water treatment, especially the process of adsorption in pilot plant conditions. This report will be used as a theoretical basis for the operation of the water treatment plant in Kutná Hora operated by the Water Management Company Vrchlice - Maleč, a. s.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
desalination of see water
Pokorný, Lukáš ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Along with the Earth's population growth the requirements for water supply increase. Resources of fresh water are already unable to supply citizens, industry and agriculture of some countries. This concerns in particular xeric, long-shore areas as Australia. These areas dispose of huge amount of water. Unfortunately it is saline water. Saline water contains lots of solute matter concentrated in 37000 mg per liter, which makes it unsuitable for any use. With an assistance of membrane processes it is possible to rid the water of this solute matter and hereafter use it as fresh water for industry or agriculture. The most expoited method of saline water purification is reverse osmosis, which offers the best performance in proportion to the consumtion of electric energy.
|
guest ::
