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Mapping the bioresonance method used in smoking cessation in Czech Republic
Liberdová, Kateřina ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Background Smoking is a leading cause of illnesses and deaths worldwide. Most smokers want to quit, but cessation can be a rather challenging task. In Czechia, approximately two million people smoke. Among the possibilities of medical treatment, there are also alternative methods that lack an adequate number of studies in the professional sphere which would somehow prove their effectiveness and give them credibility. Objectives The main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to map the usage of one of these alternative treatment methods, bioresonance, in Czechia and to examine its substance. Methods The mysteryshopping method was used for the research, which involved phone calls made under fixed conditions. The file used for research was chosen using the full sample method. Results There are 88 facilities in Czechia which offer the bioresonance treatment method to cure nicotine dependency. They are located throughout all of the country's regions. Most of the providers offer no form of counseling during the therapy's duration. During the mysteryshopping, only one of the examined providers provided a brief professional intervention regarding the cessation of smoking. None of them was able to scientifically prove their claims about the method's effectiveness. The most common reply to a question about the...
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Health impact perceptions of alternative nicotine delivery systems among their users in the Czech Republic
Čukanová, Tereza ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Background: In the Czech Republic, there is over 2 million tobacco addicted people. However, it is difficult to get rid of this addiction unassisted, so some people switch to products with lower health risks. This bachelor's thesis deals with alternative nicotine products, especially heated tobacco and electronic cigarettes, and their impact on human health. Aims: The main aim of this study was to find out how users of nicotine products perceive the health effects on their body and whether they perceive a difference between conventional cigarettes, heated tobacco and electronic cigarettes. Furthermore, to map the use of alternative nicotine delivery products. Methods: Data were obtained in the form of quantitative research using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of Google Forms. Subsequently, the data were transferred to MS Excel 365 and analyzed by means of methods of descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: 144 respondents took part in the survey a total of 180 respondents were approached, 36 respondents did not meet the required criteria. Of the 144 respondents, 67 were women (aged 18-75) and 77 were men (aged 18-75). The survey results show that respondents' attitudes and opinions about alternative products are ambivalent, but they perceive conventional...
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Promoting smoking cessation in pharmacies
Havlůjová, Anna ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Background In recent years, tobacco use in the Czech Republic has slightly declined, however, approximately a quarter of the population aged 15 and over are smokers. Pharmacists are one of the most easily accessible healthcare professionals and can, therefore, play a key role in the process of smoking cessation. Objectives Primary objective of this work was mapping the smoking cessation support available in Czech pharmacies. Secondary aims included assessing the interest of pharmacists to perform smoking cessation interventions and the importance of different factors hindering them from doing so. Other objectives were mapping different types of smoking cessation support provided in pharmacies and opportunity to refer them to other healthcare professionals. Methods A quantitative survey study was used. Questionnaire were compiled in online platform Survio. Data were collected in March 2022. The questionnaire was distributed via email using the list of registered pharmacies on SÚKL website. In total, 2681 facilities were approached, of which 132 responded. One questionnaire was invalid, therefore, final selection was comprised of 131 pharmacies, the response rate was 4.92 %. Acquired data were processed and analysed in MS Excel software. Results From all respondents, 80.2 % provide or are interested...
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Food composition in tobacco dependent patients
Kudláčková, Eliška ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with eating habits of ex-smokers. I observe and analyze their eating habits and changes by qualitative methods. The theoretical part discusses tobacco, nicotine effects on the organism and on eating habits and weight. I describe health consequences of unhealthy eating habits combined with smoking. The text discusses general nutrition recommendations and recommendations specifically for smokers. A separate chapter is dedicated to addiction, its nature, genesis, forms, and manifestations, and in more detail to nicotine addiction. The practical part describes the respondents' dietary regimens and results of the comparison of eating habits while smoking and while being abstinent.
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Harm reduction and tobacco smoking
Remešová, Renáta ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
The main goal of this work was to investigate behavior and attitude of Czech smokers towards e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and reduction of number of cigarettes by means of questionnaire inquiry. These Harm Reduction methods are favorable for smokers who at present are not able or willing to quit smoking as prevalence of smoking and mortality resulting from diseases connected to smoking are high. Theoretical part concerns basic notions and terminology of tobacco, epidemiology of tobacco usage, legislative measures and above all the less risky alternatives of tobacco usage together with their most current research. Practical part firstly describes methods of data collection and analysis coming from quantitative research based on questionnaires as well as results of the analysis. Target group were smokers aged 15 and more, living in the area of Czech Republic. Total amount of respondents was 302. Data were collected through internet portal vyplnto.cz as and personally by questioning random people and firms in Prague and then processed through statistical program R and Microsoft Excel. Methods are those of descriptive statistics. The first part of results introduces prevalence data which are almost identical to those of Český zdravotní ústav (2012). Then several pairs of variables were chosen and...
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Monitoring of a food-intake during tobacco detoxification
Braunová, Zuzana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
(teze): Úvod: Léčba závislosti na tabáku bývá často doprovázena nárůstem tělesné hmotnosti. Přesné příčiny tohoto jevu nejsou zcela známé, zásadní význam má zřejmě zvýšení příjmu energie a ztráta akutních účinků nikotinu na organismus léčených osob. Metody: Shromáždili jsme data týkající se vlivu léčby závislosti na tabáku na příjem energie a tělesnou hmotnost u 40 pacientů ve 2 pražských Centrech pro závislé na tabáku. Data byla získaná prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření. Provedli jsme také podrobné monitorování průběhu léčby závislosti s důrazem na příjem energie a hmotnost u 1 vybraného pacienta. Výsledky: Zvýšení tělesné hmotnosti po zahájení léčby závislosti na tabáku se objevilo u 77 % sledovaných osob. Zjištěný nárůst hmotnosti byl ve většině případů v rozmezí 2,5 až 7 kg. Při porovnávání příjmu energie po zahájení léčby závislosti s příjmem energie před zahájením léčby se u 50 % osob příjem energie po zahájení léčby zvýšil a u 45 % osob zůstal stejný (u 5 % došlo ke snížení příjmu energie). Příčinou zvýšení příjmu energie u některých pacientů mohl být větší pocit hladu a chuti k jídlu (zjištěno u 53 % všech osob), zvýšení chuti na sladké (uvedlo 43 % osob), řešení chuti na cigaretu konzumací jídla (zjištěno u 33 % osob), konzumace jídla z důvodu potřeby zaměstnat ruce a ústa (u 21 %...
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The influence of different sources of nicotine on body weight
Riabus, Daria ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Abstract Aim of the work: The aim of this work was based on a questionnaire survey to find out the respondents' views on whether smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and the use of heated tobacco affects body weight, including gender differences. The secondary aim was determined with any likelihood of replacing respondents who vape EC or use heated tobacco according to a variable flavor, food, or snack of EC or heated tobacco. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was spreaded via Facebook in the Spolucestování, Kolej 17. listopadů and 1. LF UK Nutriční terapeuti interest groups from 21 April 2021 to 31 March 2021, as well as through the discussion forums of the eMimino and Mamaguru websites. Only individuals who smoke cigarettes, vape electronic cigarettes with nicotine or use heated tobacco could participate in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was completed by 190 respondents. , while 6 respondents were excluded due to incomplete answers or failure to meet the entry criteria. The final set includes 184 respondents. Results: The group of 184 respondents consisted of 101 women and 83 men. Average age of the group was 27.63 ± 8.20 years, average age of women 27.10 ± 7.53 years, average age of men 28.27 ± 8.96 years. The result shows that 34% of...
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Prevalence of smoking in Czech: mapping and comparison of the available data sources
Neumannová, Anežka ; Daňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Smoking is a risk factor in relation to health and the negative effects on health are already well known. Despite that, the prevalence of smoking is still relatively high, and smoking causes many deaths from various diseases associated with tobacco use. These deaths could be prevented by effective prevention. Monitoring tobacco use is key for effective prevention. Therefore, various international and national studies monitor tobacco use and their results often differ. In this work I compare available sources of data on smoking, which are implemented in the Czech Republic over the last almost thirty years. In this thesis, six repeated cross-sectional studies were analyzed. In order to compare studies with each other and the change over time, age-standardized prevalence of smoking was calculated for all studies analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used for more detailed comparisons. Furthermore, differences in social inequalities assessed based on education between the analyzed studies were identified. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of smoking were found between the analyzed studies. Furthermore, different directions of trends in the development of smoking prevalence over time were also found in individual studies. A declining trend for both sexes was found only in the...
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Impact of smoking on cancer incidence in Czechia
Dušková, Kristýna ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Abstact This thesis investigate the impact of smoking on the development of cancer. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the effect of smoking on the development of cancer in Czechia in the years 1978, 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018 with a focus on differences in time, gender and age groups. The secondary goal of the thesis is to determine the distribution of smoking prevalence by gender, age groups and level of education, as well as the dependence of smoking prevalence on the level of education, social differences in the influence of smoking on cancer. The analytical part of the work uses the method of age-standardized incidence rate, population attributable fraction and the method of binary logistic regression. Data from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, the Czech Statistical Office and Eurostat were used for the analysis. It has been shown that the prevalence of smoking depends on the level of education, where the probability of smoking is higher in people with a lower level of education than in people with a high level of education. In Czechia, between 1978 and 2018, the impact of smoking on the development of cancer decreased. While the impact of smoking on the development of cancer decreased in men, it was possible to observe an increase of the impact of...
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Tobacco use and its consequences among children 8-12 years old. Prevalence and forms of smoking, brand and source awareness, smoking initiation.
Kučerová, Jarmila ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee) ; Janata, Hana (referee)
Objectives: Within the Czech Republic there are missing reports on smoking prevalence, forms of smoking, sources of cigarettes or the influence of tobacco marketing on children younger than 12 years of age. Methods: Between 2009 and 2012 we conducted a cross sectional survey with 3 887 children from Prague and 592 from the Usti Region, age 8-12 years old, from 51 primary schools. The survey was part of a school based smoking prevention program at participating schools. Results: Among children, 23.3% reported some experience with smoking. Smoking experience was higher among boys, and children with family members who smoked. Cigarettes were the most common form of smoking (about 17 % of all respondents), followed by water-pipe (prevalence in Prague was 7.4% and 4.9% in Usti Region (p = 0.030)). Less than 1% of all children reported experience with marijuana. Relatives were the most commonly named source of cigarettes for first smoking experience (43.1%). Among children that reported smoking at least once a month, relatives were the most common source of cigarettes (32.5%), and 15.5% reported purchasing their own cigarettes. More than one third of children reported that no one had talked to them about smoking yet. Among all children 59.0% could name one or more cigarette brands. The most well-known...
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