National Repository of Grey Literature 20 records found  1 - 10next  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Ampicillin-Resistant β-lactamase-negative Haemophilus Influenzae Strains Isolated in the Czech Republic in 2010-2018
Jakubů, Vladislav ; Žemličková, Helena (advisor) ; Růžička, Filip (referee) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
Ampicillin-resistant β-lactamase- negative Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated in the Czech Republic in 2010-2018 According to the results of regular surveillance of resistance of bacterial pathogens of respiratory tract infections, the number of Haemophilus influenzae strains with non-enzymatic resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is increasing in the Czech Republic. Non-enzymatic resistance is caused by mutations in the ftsI gene encoding penicillin-binding protein (PBP3), which result in a reduced ability to bind β-lactam antibiotics. Demonstration of this type of resistance is more difficult than detection of β-lactamase, which is still the most common cause of aminopenicillin resistance in H. influenzae. Analysis of a set of 228 H. influenzae strains revealed that the highest possible capture (99.5%) of isolates with non-enzymatic resistance due to mutations in the ftsI gene can be achieved in routine practice by simultaneous examination of penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and cefuroxime disc diffusion method according to the EUCAST methodology. The currently recommended EUCAST method using only penicillin had a lower mutation detection rate of 95.7%. Sequence analysis showed considerable variability in ftsI gene mutations. In the set of 228 strains, a total of 37 different combinations of amino...
Detection of resistance to echinocandins antifungal agents in Candida sp. using molecular biological methods
Vitáčková, Petra ; Chrenková, Vanda (advisor) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
Invasive diseases due to Candida sp., especially by C. albicans, represent very severe complication in immunocompromised patients. More over the presence of antifungal resistance leads to delay of targeted antifungal therapy and increases morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. Therefore the aim was to introduce a rapid method of caspofungin resistance detection by the mass spectrometry MALDITOF. The tests were performed by the use of reference strain C. albicans CCM8261 and caspofungin resistant strain C. albicans M30. Different settings of mass spectrometer were used for the measuring. The obtained spectra were evaluated by correlation and cluster analysis (dendrogram). By cluster analysis it was possible to differenciate the susceptible and the resistant strain. During the analysis we have found, that mass spectrometer settings are unique for each machine and we cannot use the published data. We did not succeed to determine the similarity by correlation analysis. The quality of obtained spectra was quite poor, probably because of non-suitable culture medium used in the test The cluster analysis confirmed the possibility of resistance detection by mass spectrometry; nevertheless more testing profiting from current experience is needed for introduction of this test in routine. Powered by TCPDF...
Comparing amplification and non-amplification methods of HPV detection in clinical samples
Jarolímková, Pavlína ; Nyč, Otakar (advisor) ; Dražďáková, Marcela (referee)
Cervical carcinoma is the second most frequent malignancy in women world wide. Infection of human papillomaviruses has been recognized as an etiological factor. HPV infection is transmitted sexually. Nowadays, it is considered as the most frequent sexually transmitted infection. The objective of this bachelor work and one of the objectives of grant IGA MZ NC 5959 was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction method and the nonamplification method hc2 for detection of HPV DNA in cervical specimens of woman with suspicious cytologic findings. Many commercially available detection kits are based on the PCR method, which is very sensitive. Nowadays, the most commercially utilized kit in the routine laboratories in the Czech Republic is hc2 HPV is frequently being used for detection of HPV infection in routine virology laboratories. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Development and Validation of Methods for Typing of Bacteria by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Chudějová, Kateřina ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dolejská, Monika (referee) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Healthcare-associated infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital settings. The risk of nosocomial infection differs significantly in different group of patients, depending on the character of their primary illness, the co-morbidities, the type of care provided, the length of hospitalization, or the medical procedures used. Artificial surfaces such as central venous catheters, shunts, urinary catheters, valve and joint replacements or controlled lung ventilation play a major role. The majority of nosocomial infections is caused by several representative of Enterobacteriaceæ family, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., or some Gram-positives, especially Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. This is largely due to their ability to retain and transfer different types of resistance to antibiotics. The identification and subtyping of these pathogenic microorganisms is an essential tool of modern public health infectious disease surveillance not only for appropriate and efficient treatment of infections, but also in case of an outbreak. Understanding clonal continuity among investigated strains is essential to determine the source and routes of infections, confirm or rule out outbreaks, trace cross-transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens, or recognize virulent...
Clostridium difficile: Molecular typing of clinically significant isolates
Krůtová, Marcela ; Nyč, Otakar (advisor) ; Čermák, Pavel (referee) ; Krásný, Libor (referee)
Currently, Clostridium difficile is a leading nosocomial pathogen due to the spread of epidemic strains. Molecular typing of clinical isolates is an important part of C. difficile occurrence and spread control in hospitals as well as in the community. A total of 2201 clinical C. difficile isolates from 32 hospitals cultured between 2013-2015 were characterized by PCR ribotyping and toxin gene multiplex PCR. A total of 166 different ribotyping profiles were identified, of which 53 ribotyping profiles were represented by at least two isolates for each profile. The most frequently found ribotypes were 176 (n=588, 26.7%) and 001 (n=456, 20.7%) followed by 014 (n=176, 8%), 012 (n=127, 5.8%), 017 (n=85, 3.9%) and 020 (n=68, 3.1%). Out of 2201 isolates, 2024 (92%) isolates were toxigenic and carried genes for toxin A and B, and of these, 677 (33.5%) also carried genes for binary toxin. The remaining 177 (8%) isolates were non-toxigenic. Subtyping of C. difficile isolates using a multilocus variable-number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), that compared the sum of tandem repeats differences, was performed in C. difficile isolates of ribotype 176 (n=225, 17 hospitals) and in C. difficile isolates of ribotype 001 (n=184, 14 hospitals) cultured in 2014. The clonal relatedness in C. difficile isolates belonging...
Development and Validation of Methods for Typing of Bacteria by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Chudějová, Kateřina ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dolejská, Monika (referee) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Healthcare-associated infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital settings. The risk of nosocomial infection differs significantly in different group of patients, depending on the character of their primary illness, the co-morbidities, the type of care provided, the length of hospitalization, or the medical procedures used. Artificial surfaces such as central venous catheters, shunts, urinary catheters, valve and joint replacements or controlled lung ventilation play a major role. The majority of nosocomial infections is caused by several representative of Enterobacteriaceæ family, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., or some Gram-positives, especially Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. This is largely due to their ability to retain and transfer different types of resistance to antibiotics. The identification and subtyping of these pathogenic microorganisms is an essential tool of modern public health infectious disease surveillance not only for appropriate and efficient treatment of infections, but also in case of an outbreak. Understanding clonal continuity among investigated strains is essential to determine the source and routes of infections, confirm or rule out outbreaks, trace cross-transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens, or recognize virulent...
Detection of resistance to echinocandins antifungal agents in Candida sp. using molecular biological methods
Vitáčková, Petra ; Chrenková, Vanda (advisor) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
Invasive diseases due to Candida sp., especially by C. albicans, represent very severe complication in immunocompromised patients. More over the presence of antifungal resistance leads to delay of targeted antifungal therapy and increases morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. Therefore the aim was to introduce a rapid method of caspofungin resistance detection by the mass spectrometry MALDITOF. The tests were performed by the use of reference strain C. albicans CCM8261 and caspofungin resistant strain C. albicans M30. Different settings of mass spectrometer were used for the measuring. The obtained spectra were evaluated by correlation and cluster analysis (dendrogram). By cluster analysis it was possible to differenciate the susceptible and the resistant strain. During the analysis we have found, that mass spectrometer settings are unique for each machine and we cannot use the published data. We did not succeed to determine the similarity by correlation analysis. The quality of obtained spectra was quite poor, probably because of non-suitable culture medium used in the test The cluster analysis confirmed the possibility of resistance detection by mass spectrometry; nevertheless more testing profiting from current experience is needed for introduction of this test in routine. Powered by TCPDF...

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