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Invasive alien plants in Trebonsko region
Volfová, Barbora ; Vardarman, Johana (advisor) ; Naděžda, Naděžda (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of invasive plant species. Following invasive plant species were mapped in the South Bohemian region of Třeboň: Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), Giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea), Bohemian knotweed (Reynoutria x bohemica), Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), Sakhalin knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis) and Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera). The goal of this thesis was to map the above-mentioned species in one part of Stropnice Site of Community Importance and its surroundings. Furthermore, the thesis also aimed to record the most frequently colonized biotopes according to the invaded locations. The results show that Canadian goldenrod colonized seventeen locations and therefore it is one of the most invasive species. Next, Himalayan balsam was found in seven locations and Japanese knotweed in five locations. Last, Bohemian knotweed and giant goldenrod each colonized only one location. In this area, such species most often invade biotopes affected by people and locations near water resources. The plants also grow mostly in wet localities.
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Occurrence of Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) in PLA Labske piskovce
Řezník, Jan ; Vardarman, Johana (advisor) ; Naděžda, Naděžda (referee)
For several decades is Europe, as well as many other parts of the world, suffering by invasion of Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), while mapping of its occurrence has become an integral part of a successful fight with it. For this purpose, the mapping of the plant was carried out in the Site of Community Importance, the Elbe valley in the Northern Bohemia. It was processed by locating of GPS coordinates and subsequent data processing by GIS tools. The aim was firstly to find and interpret the degree of invasion in our area of interest, and also to assess it qualitatively, based on biotopes, where it has occured. As a result, we got a database of information, which along with the mapping outputs, points to fact that major occurrence of Impatiens glandulifera is close to watercourses and human settlements, esspecially in habitats with ruderal vegetation. The work can be used as a source of information for planning and management in the area.
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The influence of added oil on back fat fatty acid composition
Zajíček, Štěpán ; Čítek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Naděžda, Naděžda (referee)
Pork represents the largest volume of meat production in terms of the global market. In the Czech Republic accounted for over 50 % of total meat consumption. Pork is often cited as a food with a high level of fat and unfavorable balance of fatty acids. Intake of dietary fats should contain saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids in a ratio of <1 : 1,4 : >0,6. The PUFA/SFA ratio should be higher than 0,4 and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio should be 5 : 1. To increase awareness of the importance of food to human health has recently been an effort to find ways to produce healthier meat, i.e. with a higher proportion of PUFA to SFA and better ratio of n-6 and n-3 PUFA. Pork quality in terms of its composition of fatty acids is currently not very favorable. Fatty acid profile
in animal fats can affect by the fat contained in food and change the composition of fatty acids in the fat of pigs through the nutrition.
The diploma thesis describes the fats, their importance in human nutrition, a group of fatty acids found in fats, their sources and factors influencing the content and fatty acid profile in muscle and adipose tissue of animals.
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of additions of rapeseed and soybean oil, as a major source of unsaturated fatty acids, in pig fattening on the quality and composition of intramuscular fat (IMF) in the pork loin (MLLT). It was also evaluated the effect of the addition of these oils on selected parameters of fattening capacity and carcass value. For a more objective evaluation of the suitability of fat was calculated atherogenic and thrombogenic index.
The experiment was included 32 pieces of slaughter pigs for in the final hybrid combinations DanBred. Pigs were throughout the fattening fed ad libitum complete feed mixtures and depending on the feeding divided into three groups, i.e. control group without the addition of oil and an experimental group containing 4% of rapeseed oil and an experimental group with the addition of 4% soybean oil.
The results show that the group with the addition of soybean oil exhibited simultaneously with the lowest daily intake of feed the best feed conversion. The addition of rapeseed and soybean oil had no significant effect on the physical parameters of the pork loin and backfat. So, technological quality of backfat has not been influenced. Amount of IMF not influenced by any of the oils. However, fatty acid composition in IMF has been influenced, both of oils.
Although, SFA has not been influenced neither one of the oil, content of the most represented SFA, palmitic acid, was significantly reduced in the soy diet. Significantly lowest content of MUFA showed group with soybean oil, which was due to a significant reduction of the most represented acid, oleic acid. Treatment with the addition of both oils were significantly increased PUFA and n-3 PUFA. The PUFA/SFA ratio was also increased, the most by soybean oil. The ratio of n-6 / n-3 PUFA was significantly reduced by the rapeseed oil. Content of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid was significantly increased as rapeseed and soybean oil. Soybean oil increased content of alpha-linolenic acid significantly more than rapeseed, which against significantly increased linoleic acid.
Thrombogenic index was significantly reduced by rapeseed and soybean oil, atherogenic index only by soybean.
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The use of olfactory capabilities of a dog to search for bark beetle affected trees in context to preventive protection of forests
Drmla, Jakub ; Šrůtka, Petr (advisor) ; Naděžda, Naděžda (referee)
Exceptional ability to smell dog in human activity are used for several centuries. The dog is trained for tracking , searching for drugs , weapons, ammunition , human remains , tobacco and money . Usability dog is recorded in the health sector , where the dog can identify the smell serious illness. Deploying a dog to search for forest pests , especially bark beetle was experimentally tested in several European countries , but they were always used the associated odors from the environment beetle . The aim of this thesis was to design and test the methodology in practice dog is trained to search the bark in the forest and to develop and test methodology for deploying the dog directly in the forest , provided that the dog will only identify the smell of bark Beatles. The training methodology and deployment methodology dog in practice aimed to demonstrate the dog's ability to identify the presence of bark beetle in the forest and bring cost-effective form of prevention inspections forest cover within the meaning of applicable legislation. The long-term verification specially trained dog was clearly proved that the dog is very well and quickly able to identify the bark in the forest , which is most at risk. At the same time training the dog to find the bark creating an efficient instrument for the implementation of preventive examinations of forests against bark beetle infestation in accordance with applicable legislation
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