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Determination of evapotranspiration from small catchments
Toušková, Jitka ; Šípek, Václav (advisor) ; Možný, Martin (referee) ; Brom, Jakub (referee)
Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a significant role in the hydrological balance. The terms potential (PET) and reference (RET) evapotranspiration are often used while estimating its rate. The doctoral thesis deals with the estimation of PET, RET and other selected processes. First, the influence of net longwave radiation (the component of radiation balance) on the rate of PET was examined. It was found that the standard methods result in the significant differences in PET estimation due to the absence of model calibration to local conditions. The original model caused distinction in the PET evaluation for the Liz experimental catchment by up to 100 mm/year. Calibration of the parameters of two commonly used methods for calculating net longwave radiation reduced the error in PET evaluation to less than 20 mm/year. PET or RET estimation itself can be performed by many direct or indirect methods. Their accuracy is highly discussed. This work focused on selection of suitable methods and their further testing on conditions of 18 stations in the Czech Republic. 37 methods were compared with measured data. It was proven, that the best results in this region were achieved by combination methods (with average RMSE of 1.2 mm/day, 18.6 mm/month, and 33.3 mm/year). Among individual models, the radiation-based...
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Founding of a Small Company - Milk Bar
Možný, Michal ; Večeřa, Karel (referee) ; Koráb, Vojtěch (advisor)
Main goal of this thesis is to create realistic business plan for small milk bar in Kuřim. Basic terms, definitions of used analyses and detailed description of business plan are described in the theoretical part of this thesis. The practical part is focused on choosing the suitable market by using proper analysis and creating the actual business plan for milk bar.
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Modeling the impacts of combined climatic events on the growth, development and yield parameters of field thermophilic vegetables and oilseed rape in the decision support system in the field of agrotechnology transfer - DSSAT
Potopová, Vera ; Muntean, N. ; Chawdhery, M. ; Trifan, T. ; Zehnálek, P. ; Soukup, J. ; Potop, I. ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Možný, Martin
Modeling the impacts of combined climate events on the growth, development and yield parameters of field thermophilic vegetables and oilseed rape in a decision support system in the field of agrotechnology transfer - DSSAT. This book will introduce you to the latest information technologies and their applications in agriculture, including decision support systems, crop simulation models and other computer tools. It should also help you to solve problems at the regional level on issues related to crop production and other issues related to agriculture, natural resource management and cropping systems and food security, as well as issues related to climate change and variability. This professional book offers users the appropriate supplementary material to enable them to continuously meet the demands of a changing climate. The book is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part summarizes basic information about simulations of crop production, water and nutrient management, climate risks and environmental sustainability. In the practical part, the procedures for working in the DSSAT program (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) are presented.
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Risk assessment and prediction of natural fires in the immediate vicinity\nsurface sources of drinking water.
Trnka, Miroslav ; Kudláčková, Lucie ; Čermák, P. ; Balek, Jan ; Novotný, Jan ; Homolová, Lucie ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Brovkina, Olga ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Skalák, Petr ; Bláhová, Monika ; Benáček, Patrik ; Fischer, Milan ; Sedlák, Pavel ; Janouš, Dalibor ; Žalud, Zdeněk ; Marek, Michal V. ; Možný, M. ; Hájková, L. ; Chuchma, F. ; Knozová, G. ; Beranová, J. ; Zatloukal, V. ; Albert, J. ; Mašková, R. ; Cienciala, E. ; Vizina, A. ; Nesládková, M. ; Melišová, E. ; Hanel, M.
The methodology formulates a procedure for assessing the risks of the occurrence and spread of natural fires in the immediate vicinity of surface sources of drinking water. The methodology\nproposes methods for estimating the consequences of natural fires on surface water quality, forecasting the change in the risk of fires due to climate change and the procedure for determining the risk of secondary pollution of reservoirs due to changes in run off after a natural fire. On this basis, the methodology proposes and diversifies preventíve and operational measures.The measures were designed in connection to modeling results for the Hadce pilot síte near the Švihov reservoir and the experience with the adverse effects of extensive deforestation on the water quality in the Vranov and Vír reservoirs.
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System of natural fire risk indicators (verification of various risk assessment procedures occurrence of natural fires) including instructions for the use of the integrated forecast system
Trnka, Miroslav ; Čermák, Petr ; Kudláčková, Lucie ; Balek, Jan ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Brovkina, Olga ; Zemek, František ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Skalák, Petr ; Bláhová, Monika ; Jurečka, František ; Janouš, Dalibor ; Žalud, Zdeněk ; Marek, Michal V. ; Cienciala, Emil ; Beranová, J. ; Zatloukal, V. ; Albert, J. ; Tumajer, J. ; Možný, M. ; Hájková, L. ; Chuchma, F.
The presented methodology represents an improvement of the currently used system of wildfire monitoring and forecast. Based on extensive testing, it defines two fire weather indices. The method shows how the combination of both indices can lead to robust fire risk estimates. Both indices were uset to generate a forecast of fire weather, but also to quantify th erelationship between the frequency of favorable conditions for the occurrence of natural fires and their observed numbers, in several time steps (from 1 day to the entire season) The methodology has been implemented within the www. firerisk.cz portal, where it serves as a tool for operational fire risk forecasting. The text of the methodology therefore contains instructions for using the menthodology therefore contains instructions for using the firerick.cz portal. Great attention is paid in the methodology to the aspect of climate change and estimating the impact of this phenomenon on the frequency of wildfires in the Czech republic.
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Recommended adaptation and mitigation measures in risk areas of natural occurrence fires in the light of the changing climate
Trnka, Miroslav ; Čermák, Petr ; Kudláčková, Lucie ; Balek, Jan ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Brovkina, Olga ; Zemek, František ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Bláhová, Monika ; Cienciala, Emil ; Beranová, J. ; Zatloukal, V. ; Albert, J. ; Tumajer, J. ; Možný, M. ; Hájková, L. ; Chuchma, F.
The methodology formulates graded adaptation and mitigation measures to mitigate fire risk and spread fire in the countryside (forest and agricultural land). To this end, a variant assessment procedure is presented fire risk according to the user's data capabilities. The algorithmization of fire risk in forests is based on forest typology to assess habitats, and adds forest vegetation characteristics. On agricultural Soil agronomic factors include crop type, cover cover, habitat and water characteristics regime. For both territorial categories, the expected impacts of climate change on fire risk are given habitat in the medium term (by 2050). Methodology in conclusion on a case study demonstrates the possibilities of using the model tool FlamMap for the analysis of fire characteristics.
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Regional yield forecasting for improved decision making in the plant production
Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Kudláčková, Lucie ; Balek, Jan ; Meitner, Jan ; Možný, Martin ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Bartošová, Lenka ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Bláhová, Monika ; Lukas, Vojtěch ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The methodology describes how to predict yields of key crops, and at the same time addresses reliability of the predictions and how these can be used. The ability to predict yield levels more than 2 months prior the harvest on the level of regions (NUTS3¨) and districts (LAU1) brings also new opportunities to mitigate impacts of adverse conditions. The methodology shows that the yield forecasts and yield anomalies in particular are consistent and usable in practices. In this methodology, the results of 2018 yield forecasts are presented as an example. The yield forecasting system for the Czech Republic is fully functional and is and will be available through www.vynosy-plodin.cz.
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Evaluating drought risk for permanent grasslands under present and future climate conditions
Trnka, Miroslav ; Schaumberger, A. ; Formayer, H. ; Eitzinger, Josef ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Dubrovský, Martin ; Možný, M. ; Thaler, S. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
Over the past years, the changing climate has affected parts of Czech Republic and Austria by drought spells of the intensity and extend that was unprecedented in previous decades. These events had a significant impact on agricultural areas, especially on the grasslands. The idea behind the GIS monitoring relies on hypothesis that the effect of weather and climate conditions on the grassland production can be estimated by models that describe certain natural processes in a simplified manner and in spatialized form.
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System for monitoring and forecast of impacts of agricultural drought
Trnka, Miroslav ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Chuchma, F. ; Možný, M. ; Bartošová, Lenka ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Balek, Jan ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Skalák, Petr ; Farda, Aleš ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Meitner, Jan ; Bláhová, M. ; Fiala, R. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The methodology describes how to predict soil moisture and drought intensity, and at the same time addresses reliability of the predictions and how these can be used. The ability to predict soil moisture values over a period of up to 9 days is presented through using ensemble of models for numerical weather forecasts. This method brings also new opportunities to mitigate impacts during drought events by farmers using such forecasting tools. With regard to the relatively high predictability of soil moisture and drought intensity, the methodology introduces the basic procedures and provides necessary information for the users. In this methodology, the results of 2017 drought event are presented as an example. The drought forecasting system for the Czech Republic is fully functional and is and will be available through www.intersucho.cz.
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Drought monitor for the Czech Republic-www.intersucho.cz
Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Balek, Jan ; Možný, M. ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Hayes, M. ; Eitzinger, Josef ; Žalud, Zdeněk
Because drought and its impacts are among the worst hydrometeorological extremes (including also Central European conditions), the aim of this paper is to describe the core and use of the Integrated drought monitoring system for the Czech Republic. Land-use, information about soil, vegetation characteristics and meteorological data are used as inputs to validated water balance SoilClim model, which is applied for estimates of actual and reference evapotranspiration and water saturation of the soil profile in % or soil moisture content in mm. Moreover the prognosis of expected soil moisture (based on probabilistic analysis) is calculated for next 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Main results are weekly updated in form of drought occurrence maps, which are published in spatial resolution 500 m for whole territory of the Czech Republic and for all its 76 districts separately. Final maps with detail comments are available at drought topic dedicated web page (ANONYM 3 2014).
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