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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Knapová, Karolína ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology Abstract The central theme of this master's thesis is the offender's personality in criminology. The issue is very complex as it draws from theoretical and practical knowledge of many fields of science. Offender's personality arises from interaction of a vast amount of factors. The aim of the thesis is to introduce the offender's personality as the so-called biopsychosocial phenomenon. The variables that are involved in its formation can be sorted systematically according to their origin into a biological sphere, psychological sphere and social sphere, which corresponds to the division of the chapters in the text of the master's thesis. With respect to the name of the thesis, the first chapter is discussing criminology as a science, with closer focus at aspects associated with the offender and its personality. The second chapter analyzes different concepts of an offender that can be encountered in the doctrines of substantial criminal law, procedural criminal law and criminology. It also further describes essential terms that occur in connection with an offender, such as age, insanity or mental illness. The main chapter is the third chapter focused on the offender's personality and important factors that are to shape its personality. The first subsection...
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Personality of female offender
Navrátilová, Kateřina ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
Personality of female offender Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide a certain picture of the female offenders. A significant part of the thesis deals with criminological theories that have tried to find the cause of female criminality. These are primarily biological, psychological and sociological criminological theories, but multidisciplinary and feminist approaches are also considered. Although a number of experts have attempted to explain the origins of female delinquency, none has yet succeeded in answering the question of where female criminality originates. On the contrary, they agree that there is no single universal cause of female criminality. This thesis provides an overview of some of the typologies of female offenders, including female sex offenders, serial killers, and child murderers. By examining the typologies of female offenders that have been developed, we are able to obtain a fairly detailed picture of the characteristics of female offenders, including personality traits and criminal motivations. In order to obtain a comprehensive picture of women as perpetrators of crime, it is also necessary to look at specific manifestations of female criminality. For example, the number of convictions is a useful indicator that can give us an idea of the shape of female criminality. A...
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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Škop, Martin ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
The issue of an offender's personality in criminology Abstract The presented thesis aims to improve our understanding of the offender's personality, i.e. why they commit crimes, what is the cause of their actions (motivation) and what are the specific personality traits of these offenders. The thesis elaborated on the topic of offender personality with a focus on offenders of rape and child molestation, its aim was to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of research on the personality characteristics of rapers and child molesters and to elaborate an analysis of the criminality of these crimes in the Czech Republic between 2018-2022. The analysis was based on police crime statistics, the "How We Punish" app and the Ministry of Justice statistical yearbooks. The presented overview of the state of research drew almost exclusively from foreign literature; the concept of rape and child molestation may thus not necessarily be identical to the Czech concept of these crimes and therefore may include a different group of offenders to some extent. The thesis also presented an explanation of personality disorders (a subcategory of mental disorders), their classification and the possible influence of these deviating personality traits on the determination of insanity, the conduct of criminal proceedings or the...
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Criminal recidivism prevention and Three-strikes principle
Knapčoková, Jana ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
Criminal recidivism prevention and Three-strikes principle Abstract Significant number of crimes and prisoners are repeat offenders in Czech Republic. Therefore, prevention of recidivism is an important element of penal policy. Although the trend is to focus on more restorative justice and rehabilitation of the offender, there are still calls for more repressive sanctions for repeat offenders which embodies the catchy Three-strikes you're out laws. Three-strikes laws come from Anglo-Saxon criminal justice system and essentially on their basis the justice system can impose more repressive sanctions, usually life imprisonment. These laws are part of penal populism. The goal of this thesis is an analysis of recidivism prevention measures in Czech Republic, the effect of imprisonment on repeat offenders and the state of Czech prison system. Empirical part of the thesis deals with implementation of the Three-strikes you're out principle into Czech penal policy or rather more repressive sanctions for Czech repeat offenders. The analysis is based on key areas. Despite Czech criminal law referencing restorative justice the practise of this concept still faces some serious issues. The full potential of restorative justice in Czech criminal law is being complicated by insufficient technical backing (electronic...
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The Social rehabilitation for parents with children
MAREŠOVÁ, Alena
The work deals with social rehabilitation, which should help families who do not manage to care for their child. The first part describes what a family is and various definitions of the family, its functions and parenting disorders. The second part deals with the assessment of family functionality. The third part describes social rehabilitation and its goals, forms and target groups and last but not least the family rehabilitation.
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Development and Structure of Youth Crime in the Czech Republic and Ways of Dealing With It
Nedělová, Markéta ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
This thesis concerns the development and structure of youth crime in the Czech Republic and the various ways it has been dealt with. The aim of the thesis is to provide the reader with a true picture of the development and structure of youth crime in the territory of the Czech Republic over a relatively extensive period - from 1993 to 2020. The first two chapters offer the reader theoretical insight into the issue of youth crime that is necessary for understanding the subsequent parts of the thesis, making use of the available professional literature. Chapter One focuses on crime in general (not youth crime) and the science that studies it - criminology. It explains basic terms (the state, structure and dynamics of crime; real, registered and latent crime etc.) and describes the different sources that provide information on crime, focusing on the - for this thesis, crucial - crime statistics of the Police of the Czech Republic. Chapter Two is a theoretical introduction to youth crime and it describes the distinction between the terms "child under fifteen years of age" and "juvenile". Furthermore, it outlines the historical development of the approach to youth crime, presents the peculiarities of youth crime (as opposed to adult crime), and explains the causes of youth crime. The mainstay of this...
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Development and structure of crime in the Czech Republic
Petráček, Marek ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
Development and structure of crime in the Czech Republic The aim of this thesis is a comparison and presenting the development of crime in the Czech Republic in three different ways. From a short-term point of view, I was comparing the development of crime in the last three years, which was in 2020 affected by pandemic COVID- 19. From a long-term perspective, I monitored the development of crime over four equally distant years, focusing on the importance of dividing crime into separate categories. I focused the last comparison on the description of the problems of international comparison and the presentation of three levels of possible international cooperation. The primary source of information was publicly available statistics of the Police of the Czech Republic. Other publicly available statistics were also used, especially during international comparisons. I divided the thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is theoretical and focuses on the presentation and definition of basic terms which are key to understanding the following text and crime statistics. This chapter also mentions the individual sources in which we can find information about crime and a brief justification of the choice of police statistics as the primary statistical source. The second chapter focuses on short-term crime...
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The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology
Grigarcziková, Monika ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology The aim of this thesis is to describe the offender's personality, to explain the possible causes of his criminal behaviour and to choose appropriate tools for punishment and prevention based on this knowledge. It consists a complex issue that criminologists have been studying intensely for several centuries. In the introduction to this thesis I am explaining the concept of criminology, criminality and offender from a criminological and criminal law perspective. The historical development of the view of the offender is introduced in this thesis. The ideas of free will were replaced by theories of born criminal, only for the science to partially return to the original ideas in the 20th century. The theories were further transformed by technological development and industrial revolution, which brought with it a new social order. The topic of the third part is personality from the perspective of psychology. Personality formation is a complex process, which everyone goes through since birth. It is influenced not only by the environment in which the individual grows up, but also by genetics. I also deal with the motives that lead the offender to criminal behaviour, what is his motivation and how a profile of an unknown offender can be constructed...
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The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Hütterová, Olivia ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
A Abstract of the thesis "The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology" Offender's personality is a summary of various aspects influencing one's behaviour in regards of a set offence. This paper focuses mainly on criminological and psychological aspects of people who commit violent crimes. It summarizes different typologies of offenders, schools of criminal causes, various aspects of personalities, and discusses prevention of criminality in the Czech Republic. In addition, it focuses greatly on stalking from theoretical as well as practical point of view through an extensive case study. The main foundation for this case study is a court case from early 2008, further anonymous due to request of the Municipal Court in Prague. Even though this case took place before stalking was recognised as a criminal offense in the Czech Republic, it served greatly as a foundation for its recognition, and thus plays a vital role. The main research questions of this thesis are a) "Why do people commit violent crimes?", and b) "What are the main intentions behind it?". With deeper understanding of the knowledge of offender's personality and motivation, findings of this paper can serve as a significant tool for prevention of criminal behaviour in society. The major research goal was to conduct the case study, and show...
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Criminological aspects of crime recidivism
Oliberiusová, Jitka ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (advisor) ; Marešová, Alena (referee)
The issue of criminal recidivism represents a significant social problem. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the problematics of criminal recidivism, gather available information related to this topic, evaluate current measures used to counter recidivism and propose possible ways of increasing their efficiency The thesis consists of five main chapters, which are divided into smaller subchapters. Chapters are focused on different aspects of criminal recidivism. The initial foreword is followed by the first chapter, which is focused on different perceptions of the term "recidivism". Subchapter describes dealing with recidivism in terms of its recourse (nebo sanctioning) within the Czech legal system. The second chapter reflects the current state of recidivism in the Czech Republic. It shows that the statistics concerning recidivism within the whole concept of criminality differ in judicial, police and prison statistics according to different perceptions of this term. The third chapter summarizes the causes of criminal activity. It is divided into two subchapters. The first part looks at the "outer"causes of recidivism. As a specific cause it refers to imprisonment, which is analyzed to higher extent. The second part presents the recidivist's personality and its role in committing illegal...
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