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The Sacred and the Beginnings of Cubism
Jahnová, Kateřina ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Vlček, Tomáš (referee)
This dissertation deals with the relationship between the sacred and the cubism of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Through the analysis of images, it shows how the sacred is present in the main inspirational sources of Cubism, i.e., in the work of Paul Cézanne and in primitive art, and how it manifests itself in the early and later stages of Cubism. It also points out the affinity between Husserl's phenomenology and Cubism, which is manifested primarily from the analytical phase of Cubism onwards. The first chapter deals with the sources of inspiration of cubism, namely Paul Cézanne and primitive art. It explores elements of otherness and ugliness, mainly associated with the feeling of tremendum. In Cézanne's work it notes his relationship to the landscape, which it examines in connection with sacred space. Primitive art served as a parenthesis for Picasso, thanks to which he was able to look at things in a new way. The real breakthrough, however, comes with the creation of analytical cubism, for it is a picture of a radically different and new world, a world based on the subjectivity of its creator. The second chapter traces the chronological development of Cubism from the analytical period, through the invention of collage to the synthetic period. In doing so, it pays particular attention to...
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Sadducees and Pharisees in the Light of the Texts of the Halakhah
Sýkorová, Běla ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This bachelor 's thesis deals with the Pharisees and the Sadducees groups. On the basis of the Talmud, the Josefus Flavius writings and the New Testament, it analyses the validity of following two general notions. The first general notion is that Pharisees used in theirs argumentations the Written Law as well as the Oral Law, while the Sadducees used only the Written Law. The second general notion is that the Pharisees interpretation of the Torah was less litteral that that of the Sadducees. While analyzing the text sources, this bachelor's thesis comments on the motivation and the aims of autors, on historical context and on limit sof these text sources. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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M. Buber and G. Scholem: two perspectives on Eastern European Hasidism
Širl, Radim ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
M. Buber and G. Scholem: two perspectives on Eastern European Hasidism Abstract: East European Hasidism is a religious movement in Judaism arising in the first half of the eighteenth century. The aim of this bachelor's degree thesis is to compare two approaches toward this phenomenon: the approaches of Martin Buber and Gershom Scholem. The goal is not to provide detailed description of all the aspects of their study but to find some kind of core of their perspectives and to present them as essentially different. Buber's perspective can be defined as non-historic due to its status between religion and philosophy and because the trace of the author in the whole interpretation is very deep. Scholem's perspective is by contrast defined as historic for it draws its conclusions from the non-selective study of source texts and historical context; it is also a scientific approach. The last part of this essay deals with motivations of both authors and strives to propose some apology of Buber's approach. Key words: East European Hasidism, Martin Buber, Gershom Scholem
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The poetry and thought of William Blake in the context of European spirituality
Křehlíková, Zdeňka ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
Tato práce se zabývá myšlením a tvorbou anglického malíre a básníka Williama Blakea ve vztahu k nekterým krestanským i mimokrestanským smerum v rámci evropské spirituality. Text práce je rozclenen na dve cásti, a to na cást historicko-popisnou a cást interpretacní. V první cásti se venuji rozboru Blakeovy vlastní filosofie náboženství a jeho konceptum "náboženství Ježíše" a "náboženství Satana". Tento teoretický popis je následne doplnen interpretací Blakeovy básne Kniha Urizenova, která se zabývá predevším popisem "náboženství Satana." Dále se venuji otázkám po obecných religionistických kategoriích jako magie, náboženství, proroctví a mýtus v kontextu Blakeovy tvorby. V záveru první cásti se pokusím charakterizovat Blakeovu spiritualitu ve vztahu k trem evropským náboženským tradicím: krestanství, smerum západního okultismu a esoterismu a alternativní spiritualite spojené s drogovou scénou. Interpretacní cást vychází z predpokladu, že Blakeovu básen Kniha Urizenova lze nahlížet jako svého druhu mýtus, a proto je možno její príbeh interpretovat z hlediska rozboru mytické struktury. Z tohoto duvodu jsem ve své interpretaci vycházela z teorie amerického strukturalisty T.S. Turnera, která byla puvodne použita k rozboru mýtu o Oidipovi.
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The Sursum: the sacred in the art of the second wave of Czech symbolism
Jančíková, Kateřina ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Larvová, Hana (referee)
Přelom devatenáctého a dvacátého století byl v Čechách obdobím vystřízlivění z nadšení racionalismem. Víra ve všemocný rozum se vytrácí a objevuje se touha po návratu k duchovnu, intuitivní složky vědění znovu nabývají důležitosti. Nastává obrat ke snu a fantasii. Velkou módou se stávají spiritistické seance, mystické a magické spolky. Vzrůstá zájem o orientální a pohanská náboženství, oživení zažívá i katolicismus. V prvním desetiletí dvacátého století vzniká skupina umělců, nazývaná Sursum,1 jejímž cílem bylo naplnit umění duchovním obsahem. Krom zaměření na duchovní tvorbu, neměli ovšem téměř nic společného. Jejich inspirační zdroje i víra byly odlišné. Nevytvořili proto vlastní svébytný umělecký styl, a jsou označováni za pozdní symbolisty, nebo také za druhou vlnu českého symbolismu. V této práci se snažím ukázat, jaké prostředky k zobrazení posvátna si zvolili a pomocí komparace ukázat nakolik byla jejich východiska odlišná. Vycházím přitom nejen z dobové kritiky, ale i zařazuji názor umělců samých a samozřejmě svůj vlastní. S výjimkou Jana Zrzavého, který se stal uznávaným českým malířem, zůstala jména ostatních členů Sursa veřejnosti téměř neznámá. Známi jsou též František Kobliha a Jan Konůpek, ale spíše pro svou grafickou tvorbu, než činnost související se Sursem. Poslední dobou se stal módním...
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Schleiermacher's general hermeneutics and brief outline on its influence on advancement of hermeneutics in 20th century
Hauzrová, Kateřina ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
The work is divided into two quite heterogenous parts. First part deals with Schleiermacher's concept of hermeneutics. The character of this part is more likely interpretative. The second part of the work is conceived as brief summary of the basic branches of 20th Century hermeneutics. It should only briefly outline what direction took the Schleiermacher's idea of the creation of general interpretation method. The second part is meant to be only a kind of addition to the first fundamental part. That is the reason why both parts are of different lenght (the first being significantly longer) and why the extend of investigation of each subject is of different intensity (the second being rather superficial). Main part of the work tries to show Schleiermacher's concept of interpretation. According to him the interpretation is not primarily concerned with text but speech. Speech is in his point of view identical with thought, text being only one form of the speech. General hermeneutics should be first of all concerned with search for understanding the other, finding the sense respectively. Further, Schleiermacher tries to show our relation to the world as primarily happening through this speech and what more, the world being shaped by our own speech (thought). Mainly this theoretical philosophical extend of his...
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Tantalus saved: the journey from hunger to fullness in the work of Simone Weil
Smolen, Štěpán ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
Předkládané práce se zabývá myšlením francouzské filosofky Simony Weilové (1909-1943). Na základě výkladu krátkého textu podobenství o Tantalovi obsaženého v autorčiných zápisnících hledá v kontextu jejího vlastního díla odpověď na otázku po možné cestě k hrdinovu vysvobození. V druhém plánu si exegeze zmíněného příběhu klade za cíl osvětlit základy náboženské metafyziky Simony Weilové a takto ukázat, v jakém smyslu se její úvahy nacházejí v dvojím průsečíku mezi křesťanstvím a ateismem, mezi křesťanstvím a náboženským univerzalismem.
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Narratives and Religion: Particularities and Functions of Narration in Religious Context
Širl, Radim ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse certain aspects connecting religion and narration (which is understood here as a common human faculty to think and express oneself in the form of narratives). The first part of the thesis is concerned with methodology; first of all, the issues of defining narrative are introduced and a more elaborate definition is presented. A complete methodology is then formulated with a help of several authors (mainly James W. Pennebaker and Mary Douglas) in order to distinguish particularities and functions of creating narratives in religious contexts. Two main points are stressed here: that the content of the narratives is often concerned with problematic aspects of experience and that the expression of these narratives is beneficial for their creators. The second part focuses on several religious institutions concerned with creation of narratives which are interpreted with the outlined methodology. In this manner, the act of confession in Catholicism, prayer in Christianity and certain healing rituals are described and interpreted. Conclusions of this thesis should help the reader get a basic idea of the way created narratives in religious contexts affect their authors.
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The attitudes of christian orthodox traditionalists towards the church calendar and attempts at its reform
Kolář, Vojtěch ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
The present thesis deals with the devotion and respect paid by the conservative Orthodox believers towards the Church Calendar which they adhere to. It follows their argumentation on several different levels. The historical exposition begins with the foundation of the Calendar and with the efforts to unite the dates of Pascha celebration. Then it proceeds to the Gregorian Calendar Reform in the 16th century, which broke the liturgical unity of Christendom. It ends with the change of the traditional Church Calendar by some of the local Orthodox churches in 1920s. The thesis focuses mainly on the objections of the traditionalists, who find the "New Style" unsuitable in the relation to the Canons of the Church and opposing the spirit of the Patristic tradition. A special attention is paid to the distortion of the liturgical order because of the new calendar which was introduced due to the ecumenical considerations. The main aim of the thesis is to understand the motivations of those who oppose the change of the Church Calendar - to ask, whether the Calendar requires astronomical accuracy, whether it necessarily expresses the unity of the Church and whether it has a deeper impact on the spiritual life of the Church and its faithful.
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