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Rehabilitation of cognitive functions in patients after brain injury
Umlaufová, Veronika ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
The mm of the master thesi s "Rehabilitation of cognitive functions in patients afteľ bľain injury" was to claľify these problems fľom pľactical point of view. In the first chapter readers get acquainted with kinds of brain injury. The second chapter deals with cognitive tlmctions and the third, most extensive, lS dedicated to rehabilitation of patients after brain injury. The ľehabilitation lS conceived as a complex process involving care of patients in the biological, psychicaL social and physical sphere. The empirical part concentrates on training oť attention. Patients after brain injury. who were invol\"ed in the study. vvere divided into two groups. Within three weeks one group practiced on computer (programme RehaCom) and the other attended occupational therapy. We investigated whether there are any diťferences in the influence of training of attention by means oť computer programme or occupational therapy. In regard of a smalI sample (five patients in each group) and other conditions we came to the conclusion that the effect of training oť attention appeared in neither group after three weeks. The empirical part is completed with a questionnaire. We addressed the specialist who work with patients after brain injury and asked them what they thought about the training oť attention by means oť computer...
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Procognitive effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression
Kučerová, Hana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
V současné době se problematika kognitivních funkcí u depresivních pacientů dostává do popředí zájmu neuropsychologického výzkumu. Ukazuje se totiž, že porucha ovlivňuje praktický život pacientů. Dává se do souvislosti zejména se sociálním a pracovním selháváním. Bližší prozkoumání podstaty a specifického obrazu kognitivního poškození tak může přispět k hlubšímu pochopení depresivní poruchy a k vytvoření zacílených a efektivních programů její nápravy. Přesto se v současné klinické praxi hodnotí kognitivní výkon u depresivní poruchy spíše výjimečně. Hodnocení kognitivních funkcí např. u schizofrenie je již běžnou součástí klinického vyšetření, zatímco u depresivní poruchy je ještě stále považováno za "nadstandardní". Je to poměrně překvapivé, zvláště když si uvědomíme, že například měření poruch paměti je svým způsobem objektivnější než posuzování jiných významných symptomů deprese jako je její závažnost či přítomnost poruch spánku. Kromě toho je kognitivní deficit pravděpodobně 7 klíčovým faktorem, podle kterého se odvíjí schopnost sociálního fungování nemocných a tím i doba návratu do zaměstnání. Repetitivní transkraniální magnetická stimulace (rTMS) představuje novou možnost léčby depresivních poruch. Výhodou je zejména možnost působit pouze na danou oblast mozkové kůry. Na rozdíl od elektrokonvulzivní...
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Executive functions in patients with frontal code damage
Hůrková, Jana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Executive function testing is very difficult for many reason.s. In everyday life there are situations in which standard neuropsychological tests do not uncover damage of executive functions, which is utterly obvious. Therefore, the aim of the research was to verify one of the possibilities how to get executive function testing doser to reallife and this way to contribute to improving thc diagnosis of executive functions. In the research the performances of a group of 19 respondents with dysexecutive syndrome were compared with the performances of a control group of 19 healthy respondents. Both groups were tested in two testing situations - in silence (standard testing) and in noise (real conditions). The identical tests of the NEUROP-2 program were u sed in both situations, namely KIQ, PAARE, GO fNO-GO, LISEQ, HANOI and NATE tests. The PAARE, LISEQ and NATE tests have not confirmed a noise effect on any of the groups. On the other hand, the results of the KIQ and HANOI tests have shown that in noisy conditions the performances of the group of the people with dysexecutive syndrome have got worse. In the KIQ test this deterioration was statistically significant. Nevertheless, no significant differences between the performances of the group of the respondents with dysexecutive syndrome and the performances of...
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The Motivation of Spouses to stay together after a Brain Injury
Vaněčková, Anna ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
This diploma work deals with the situation of married couples, people who suffered a brain damage. After a brain damage many various mental changes of grave importance may appear apart from the physical consequences. These consequences affect not only the person that suffered the brain damage but also his closest mainly his partner and affect also the quality of their marriage. The theoretical part of the diploma work deals primarily with the importance of the marriage from the sociological and the psychological point of view as well. Further the work focuses on the brain damage itself and its consequences. The attention is further drawn to the impact of such situation on the husband or wife of a person after brain damage. Following part deals with the motivations for marriage. The empirical part of the work focuses on qualitative research based on eight individual in-depth interviews with husbands/wives of a person after a brain damage. The main goal of the work is to map the motivation of a husband/wife of the individual after a brain damage for remaining in marriage and identify other factors connected with this motivation.
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Empathy and emotion recognition in epilepsy
Vargová, Helena ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by epileptic seizures. It may be accompanied by cognitive deficits and unappropriate affective changes. This theses addresses an as yet not well investigated - emotion recognition and empathy in epilepsy. Firstly, the theoretical part describes emotion recognition that uses information from facial expression, posture, gestures and utterances. Then, it discusses empathy as the capacity to comprehend other persons' feelings and incentives from their own perspective, which increases individuals' prosocial behaviour. Neurobiological correlates of both are described thereafter. As a part of social cognition, these can also be impaired in epilepsy disorder - which is depicted in two most extensive thesis subchapters. The theoretical part is followed by the empirical one. It introduces own research which have explorative character, and is focused on 28 patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy and their 21 asymptomatic biological siblings in comparision to healthy control groups. It uses translated testing methods and verifies in a basic manner their appropriatness of usage. In consequence, it reports the outputs which do not confirm any significant differences among participant groups. However, they show mild deviation of the patients' and...
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Feasibility of Non-Pharmacological Intervention in Therapy of Cognition Deficit in Czech Schizophrenia Patients - Computer-assisted Cognitive Remediation
Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
There is a body of scientific literature describing cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and the possibility of its remediation. However, in the Czech Republic, there have been so far just few studies that examined the topic. The objective of this work was to explore the feasibility of non-pharmacological intervention in the form of computer-assisted cognitive remediation of Czech schizophrenia patients with diagnosed cognitive deficit. Our results confirmed the positive short-term effect of targeted remediation of selective domains of cognitive deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings suggested that 5 working memory function is the domain most sensitive to the structured intervention. These results are consistent not only with findings from other published studies that used similar computer method for remediation, but also with other studies that used different approaches. In addition, working memory function improved in the generalized form (visual intervention improved auditive function). Key words: Schizophrenia, cognition, deficit, remediation, computer
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The therapy of emotional and behavioral problems after acquired brain injury
Piťhová, Zuzana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The changes in emotivity and behavior are common after acquired brain injury, which complicates the readaptation of an individual to his environment. Compared to cognitive problems, these changes are not so greatly regarded because their complexity requires care in the context of its special neuropsychological treatment. The objective of the theoretical part of this thesis was to elucidate the issue of acquired brain injury and summarize current knowledge and experience in the field of therapeutic work with this specific group of people. The aim of the empirical part of this thesis was to design an appropriate educationally based preventive program that would focus on the experience of personality change after ABI. The goal of this program was to provide patients with information about the usual consequences of ABI and to provide a place to share the problems they experience. The effectiveness of this program was measured via the European Brain Injury Questionnaire (EBIQ) and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). The results were compared in the experimental group (N=30) before and after the completion of the program and in the control group (N=30). In the group that undertook the intervention, the EBIQ-P showed significant improvement in the subscale Physical. The ZSDS results showed...
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Comparison of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination in screening diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease
Orlíková, Hana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
This thesis deals with the neuropsychological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The aim is to evaluate the psychometric characteristics ofthe new Czech translation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) by comparison with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a method widely used by doctors inscreening diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease. The theoretical part deals with the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. We describe international diagnostic criteria of cognitive disorders and provide an overview of the screening neuropsychological methods most commonly used by Czech specialists. We summarize the current psychometric and psychodiagnostic findings on these methods and focuse on description of MMSE and MoCA. In the empirical part we compare Czech version of MMSE and MoCA-CZ (the new Czech translation of the test). We examined 38 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 70 cognitively healthy seniors. The results show that MoCA-CZ is sufficiently valid and reliable screening method that accurately distinguishbetween healthy subjects and patiens with Alzheimer's disease. We believe that it can enrich screening tools that are available to Czech experts. Key words: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination, Alzheimer's disease, psychodiagnostics,...
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Cognitive sequelae from methanol poisoning
Bernášková, Lucie ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
This thesis focuses on cognitive functions in patients after methanol poisoning. The theoretical part consists of a description of methanol, characteristics of methanol poisoning and its neurological sequelae. Methanol poisoning affects the basal ganglia, therefore we describe them and their role in cognitive processes. The theoretical part also describes a case of mass methanol poisoning in the Czech Republic in 2012-2013. The practical part compares results of a control group and a group of patients poisoned with methanol in cognitive assessment. Results show that the patients after methanol poisoning have significantly lower scores in tasks testing memory and executive functions than the control group.
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