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Assessment of the intake of vitamins in lactating women
Burešová, Nicole ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Biological and Medical Sciences Tutor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Student: Nicole Burešová Title of thesis: Assessment of vitamin intake in lactating women Background: This theses focus to evaluate vitamins intake of lactating women. A sufficient vitamins intake is very important for both mothers and their infants. The aim of this theses was an assessment of lactating women vitamins intake without and including vitamins supplementation. It was determined whether the intake of individual vitamins changed with the duration of lactation, and then the average intake values were compared with the recommended daily allowances (RDA). Finally, the proportion of women who did not meet the RDA was evaluated. Methods: Data collection for this study took place in 2021-2022. There were eleven lactating women between years of age 29 and 40 involved. These women underwent medical examinations at laboratory four times after the delivery - during L1 lactation period (3-4 weeks after the delivery), L2 period (3 months after the delivery), L3 period (6 months after the delivery) and finally L4 period (9 months after the delivery). During the L1 and L2 periods the questionnaires were submitted by 9 women, during L3 period by 10 women and...
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Analysis of perioperative blood loss in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery
Válkyová, Eva Viktória ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Author: Eva Viktória Válkyová Department: Department of Biological and Medical Science Name of thesis: Analysis of perioperative blood loss in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery Thesis supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultants: doc. MUDr.Filip Čečka, Ph.D. ; Mgr. Veronika Bernhauerová, Ph.D. Diploma thesis, Charles University, The faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction: Hepatopancreatobiliary surgeries are among the most complex surgical procedures and are associated with higher blood loss and postoperative complications. By defining risk factors and optimizing the determination of perioperative blood loss, postoperative complications can be avoided, transfusion administration can be avoided, and the expenses associated with hospitalization of patients can be reduced. Aim of the thesis: The aim of the study was to define the basic anatomical and physiological knowledge of the hapatopancreatobiliary region and to analyze the data set of operated patients with the main focus on their blood loss, transfusions administered and severity of postoperative complications in relation to selected anamnestic parameters. Methods: The analyzed population consisted of patients operated at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. Patient...
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Evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of octenidine derivatives
Šefránková, Laura ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vávrová, Pavlína (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Laura Šefránková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Michaela Hympánová, Ph.D. Title: Evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of octenidine derivatives Diploma thesis Study program: Pharmacy Introduction: Octenidine dihydrochloride belongs to the group of so-called "gemini" surfactants, or bis-quaternary equivalents of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS). QAS are generally widely used disinfectants exhibiting relatively low toxicity and high efficacy. Bis- quaternary QAS are characterised by even better surface activity and biodegradability. Octenidine dihydrochloride is considered as a very promising antimicrobial agent for its high antimicrobial activity even against multi-drug resistant bacteria. However, its limited solubility in aqueous solvents complicates its application due to the need of organic solvents in product composition, which afterwards reduce wounds or mucous membranes tolerability. Aim: The aim of this work was to test the antimicrobial efficacy of 11 new derivatives of octenidine dihydrochloride, which were prepared with emphasis to increase efficiency and improve solubility in aqueous solutions. Methods: The microdilution broth method...
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Planktonic and biofilm form of pathogenic microorganisms - efficacy of disinfectants
Straková, Hana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Hana Straková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Consultant: PharmDr. Jan Marek, PhD. Title: Planktonic and biofilm form of pathogenic microorganisms - effectiveness of disinfectants Diploma thesis Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Introduction: Quaternary ammonium salts are widely used in the field of disinfection and antisepsis. Commonly used compounds on this basis include, for example: Benzoxonium chloride (Orofar), Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Sanytol), Carbethopendecinium bromide (Septonex) and many other substances. Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis was to test 10 substances of the quaternary ammonium salt type, divided into two groups using the microdilution broth method on selected bacterial strains and compare it with the standards used in practice. Furthermore, the selected compounds were evaluated for the ability to inhibit the growth of planktonic and biofilm form of the Staphylococcus aureus strain. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of 10 novel compounds divided into two groups according to the structure on eight bacterial strains was measured by the microdilution broth method: Staphylococcus aureus,...
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The influence of physical activity on energy metabolism parameters of pregnant and lactating women
Molitorisová, Tamara ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
8 2. ABSTRACT Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Tamara Imrichová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: The influence of physical activity on energy metabolism parameters of pregnant and lactating women Background: The aim of our work was to compare changes in the parameters of energy metabolism and then evaluate the relationship between these parameters and the parameters of physical activity of pregnant and lactating women. Methods: Evaluation of energy metabolism was carried out by the method of indirect calorimetry. The calorimeter can estimate the resting energy expenditure (REE) and oxidation of individual nutritional substrates (after determining the amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine). To determine the parameters of physical activity, women were given to complete a 7 days questionnaire, which was evaluated on the basis of recalculation using metabolic equivalents. Results: In our study, we observed an increase in REE during pregnancy in the third trimester and an increase in volume of oxygen consumption (VO2) and volume of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) compared to lactating women. The values of respiratory and non-protein respiratory quotient remained unchanged. In case of oxidation...
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Evaluation of muscle strength and endurance of lactating women
Melicharová, Nikola ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Nikola Melicharová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of muscle strength and endurance of lactating women This work aims to evaluate the change in the parameters of muscle strength and endurance of the upper and lower limbs in women during breastfeeding. Compare these measured values between the right and left limbs. Another goal is to test the connection between dynamometric parameters and the intake of micronutrients in food supplements. 10 lactating women aged 29-39 took part in the measurement. The women were examined four times. The first examination L1 took place on average 29 ± 5 days postpartum, the second L2 93 ± 29, the third L3 179 ± 15, and the last measurement was L4 274 ± 3 days postpartum. A digital pinch/grip analyzer and digital myometer were used to measure muscle strength and endurance of the upper and lower limbs. We used the BCM - Body Composition Monitor device to measure fat-free mass. Weight was measured for women using a body analysis scale from Tanita. When evaluating the measured results, we discovered a statistically significant difference between the values of the maximum strength of the left hand...
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Measurement of torso muscle volume and its relation to complications in colorectal surgery
Fischerová, Tereza ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
10 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate Tereza Fischerová Thesis supervisor PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant MUDr. Jiří Kotek Thesis Title Measurement of torso muscle volume and its relation to complications in colorectal surgery Introduction: Colorectal cancer is frequent oncological disease. The primary solution for cure is surgical resection of the tumor, which can be accompanied by a number of complications. The incidence of postoperative complications also depends on the preoperative condition of the patient, such as nutrition and muscle condition. Sarcopenia is a degenerative disease of skeletal muscle and is one of the predictors of postoperative complications. Objective: The aim of the thesis was to retrospectively evaluate the connection between occurrence of postoperative complications and muscle volume on the trunk, which was described by psoas density and psoas muscle index. Methods: On CT images in the area of the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3), we evaluated psoas density and psoas muscle index. The group consisted of 209 patients who underwent rectal resection at the Surgery Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové between 2017 and 2021. We assessed the connection between psoas...
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Evaluation of oxidation of nutritional substrates during pregnancy.
Huličiarová, Klaudia ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine and evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure and oxidation of nutritional substrates, then to assess connections with other parameters and to compare these results with other conducted studies. Methods Indirect calorimetry was used to determine resting energy expenditure and oxidation of nutritional substrates. Measurements of pregnant women took place after a 12-hour fast in three periods of pregnancy. The first period between 17.-27. week of pregnancy, the second between 28.-35. weeks of pregnancy and the last during the 36th-38th week of pregnancy. Results The results of the work point to significantly increasing values of respiratory quotients (p = 0.022) and carbohydrate oxidation (p = 0.015) with the length of pregnancy, and to statistically significant correlations between the oxidation of nutritional substrates and the values of RQ, NPRQ, the volume of excreted urine, the amount of creatinine, urea and nitrogen in the excreted urine. Conclusions In this work, an increase in respiratory quotient values and carbohydrate oxidation during pregnancy was confirmed. However, the suspension of the study due to the Covid situation caused a decrease in the number of pregnant women followed and the necessary results. Key words:...
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Assessment of the intake of vitamins in lactating women
Burešová, Nicole ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Biological and Medical Sciences Tutor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Student: Nicole Burešová Title of thesis: Assessment of vitamin intake in lactating women Background: This theses focus to evaluate vitamins intake of lactating women. A sufficient vitamins intake is very important for both mothers and their infants. The aim of this theses was an assessment of lactating women vitamins intake without and including vitamins supplementation. It was determined whether the intake of individual vitamins changed with the duration of lactation, and then the average intake values were compared with the recommended daily allowances (RDA). Finally, the proportion of women who did not meet the RDA was evaluated. Methods: Data collection for this study took place in 2021-2022. There were eleven lactating women between years of age 29 and 40 involved. These women underwent medical examinations at laboratory four times after the delivery - during L1 lactation period (3-4 weeks after the delivery), L2 period (3 months after the delivery), L3 period (6 months after the delivery) and finally L4 period (9 months after the delivery). During the L1 and L2 periods the questionnaires were submitted by 9 women, during L3 period by 10 women and...
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Evaluation of spirometric parameters of lactating women
Janovská, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the change of basic spirometric parameters (both their absolute values and relative in percentage of the predicted value) during breastfeeding and to determine the factors related to these changes. Methods Spirometric parameters were measured with an Otthon spirometer and subsequently evaluated with ThorSoft computer software. Spirometry is one of the fast and non-invasive tests of lung function. Ten lactating women participated in the study and were subjected to spirometry four times during the postpartum period. The first examination took place 1 month after childbirth, the second examination 3 months after childbirth, the third examination 6 months after childbirth and the last examination 9 months after childbirth. Results We found no statistically significant difference in the observed spirometric parameters, one-second vital capacity (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and Tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC) between the periods. In all periods studied, the values corresponded to the physiological range (85 - 115 % of the predicted value). From the Tiffeneau index values (over 80 %), the presence of airway obstruction in the investigated lactating women can be excluded. Correlation analysis showed positive and negative...
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