National Repository of Grey Literature 59 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Exploration of extraterrestrial body impact and UV-driven transformation of atmospheres of terrestrial planets
Knížek, Antonín ; Ferus, Martin (advisor) ; Kabáth, Petr (referee) ; Kopecký, Vladimír (referee)
Keywords: Exoplanets, Earth, Impact, Photochemistry, Infrared Spectroscopy, Atmospheric chemistry Impacts and photochemistry are two very important driving forces for chemical transformation of planetary atmospheres. While strong UV radiation produced by young stars continuously provides a significant amount of energy, impacts are one-time events with far-reaching consequences. Especially important are then impacts on young rocky planets, including the early Earth, because these planets are likely exposed to much higher impact fluxes, commonly called 'heavy bombardment'. This bombardment is the final echo of the turbulent planetary accretion and has prominent significance for planetary environments, e.g., the chemical composition and shape of the planetary surface, the chemistry of atmospheres, aerosol production, and likely the origin of life. Future observations of exoplanets by space telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope or Ariel, as well as ground-based telescopes, such as the Extremely Large Telescope currently under construction in Chile, could determine whether this heavy bombardment represents a common scenario for the evolution of terrestrial planets. Both impacts and photochemistry can be efficiently simulated and studied in laboratory conditions by state-of-the-art methods....
Mass spectrometric and optical spectroscopy studies of clusters and nanoparticles in molecular beams
Moriová, Kamila ; Fárník, Michal (advisor) ; Kopecký, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Mass spectrometric and optical spectroscopy studies of clusters and nano- particles in molecular beams Author: Kamila Moriová Institue: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Michal Fárník, Ph.D., DSc., J. Heyrovský Institute of Phy- sical Chemistry of the CAS Consultant: RNDr. Václav Profant, Ph.D., Institute of Physics of Charles Uni- versity Abstract: Condensation of ices on the surface of dust grains with activation of these ices by cosmic rays in interstellar medium can lead to formation of complex chemical species. In the present work we primarily examine ammonia clusters, which represent a model system of ice particles. Large ammonia clusters were prepared in molecular beams and pass through a pickup chamber in which me- thanol molecules were captured. After electron ionization of (NH3)N (CH3OH)M clusters, a mass spectrum of ionic fragments was obtained in which fragments with methanol (NH3)n(CH3OH)mH+ predominated over the pure ammonia frag- ments (NH3)nH+ : at least one methanol molecule was present in 75 % fragments. This is in disproportion with the composition of the original neutral precursors, which contain less than 4 % of methanol. Based on the measurement results, we suggest that ammonia is ionized in the first place resulting in the NH+ 4 ion core solvated...
Study of protein structure and dynamics by means of optical spectroscopy
Pazderka, Tomáš ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kaminský, Jakub (referee) ; Setnička, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Study of protein structure and dynamics by means of optical spectroscopy Author: Tomáš Pazderka Institute: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor: RNDr. Vladimír Kopecký, Ph.D., Institute of Physics of Charles University Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to improve understanding of protein structure and dynamics and extend experimental setup and data processing for such stud- ies. We focus on the extension of experimental feasability of vibrational optical activity (VOA). We have demonstrated a usability of intensity calibration in the field of Raman optical activity. Advantages for measurements on multiple instru- ments and/or using different configurations have been shown. A new instrumental setup has been developed for microsampling measurements of vibrational circular dichroism spectra with a spatial resolution of 1 mm. Using this technique, spatial inhomogeneities in a sample of protein fibrils have been observed. Model com- pounds for amide nonplanarity have been investigated utilizing several methods of optical spectroscopy and key spectral features for determination of amide non- planarity and the absolute configuration have been identified. A comprehensive set of Raman spectra of proteinogenic amino acids has been measured. Sample concentration dependencies and consequent...
Never Born Proteins: Occurence and characterization of secondary structure motifs
Treťjačenko, Vjačeslav ; Hlouchová, Klára (advisor) ; Kopecký, Vladimír (referee)
An experimental study on randomly generated protein sequences can provide important insights into the origin and mechanism of secondary structure formation and protein folding. In this study we bring biophysical characterization of five protein sequences selected from the in silico generated library of random chains. The sequences were selected on the basis of bioinformatic analysis in order to find the candidates with the maximum potential to possess secondary structure. This study shows that the random polypeptide sequences form stable secondary structures and in some show the signs of tertiary structure, such as hydrophobic core formation and distinctive oligomerization pattern. While the work presented in this thesis is work in progress on a larger study, the data already demonstrate that unevolved protein sequence space provides a lot of potential for secondary and tertiary structure formation that awaits its characterization. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Protein dynamics studied by means of optical spectroscopy
Pazderka, Tomáš ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Maloň, Petr (referee)
In this diploma thesis a software for Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCoS) was programmed and tested. Possible spectral phenomena in 2DCoS analysis of vibrational circular dichroism were tested on model cases. Thermal and time dependent series of Raman and Raman optical aktivity spectra of lysozyme protein were measured for practical applications of 2DCoS. Fibrillation and denaturation process of lysozyme was analyzed by means of 2DCoS and Factor analysis (FA). Proteins NKR_P1A and NKR_P1C were also studied and their thermal dynamics was monitored by means of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Dynamical behaviour of all studied proteins was characterized using 2DCoS.
Characterization of proteins of 2'-5' oligoadenylate pathway by means of vibrational spectroscopy
Víšová, Ivana ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bednárová, Lucie (referee)
The work concerns to structural characterization of two important proteins of 2'-5' oligoadenylate pathway participating in an immune response of organism to a viral infection. Studied proteins were ankyrin domain of mouse RNase L, the C-terminal part of human phosphodiesterase 12 and the complete human phosphodiesterase 12. The proteins were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering and in addition by two non-spectroscopic methods- differential calorimetry and electrophoresis. For each protein the secondary structures, thermal stability, weight of oligomers and generally a basic characterization by above mentioned methods were provided.

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