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Cervicogenic headache
Patríková, Jitka ; Šifta, Petr (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title Cervicogenic headache Objectives The aim of this master thesis is to present a comprehensive overview of the topic of cervicogenic headache. It focuses on the prevalence of this disease in the general population and on the cervical spine segment where the dysfunction in patients with cervical headache occurs the most frequently. It also focuses on the link between suboccipital muscles, cervical dura mater spinalis and headache on the effectiveness of different therapies for this diagnosis. Method The thesis is conceived as a scientific literature research. In order to obtain sources professional database such as Pubmed, PEDro, Medline, HighWire, Science direct were used. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an analytical part. There have been 4 questions and 4 hypotheses set for the purposes of work the thesis. Results Based on the analysis of available studies, the thesis confirmed that the incidence of cervicogenic headache in the general population is not negligible. It has also been proved that the diagnosis is quite frequent in patients suffering from headache, which may represent up to 35 % of patients. The results of available studies indicate that the dysfunction of the cervical spine causes 15-20 % of cervicogenic headaches. In most of the cases, it is the influence of the...
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Detection of neuronal pathways after CNS lesions by using dextran amine.
Muchová, Zuzana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: Detection of neuronal pathways after CNS lesions by using dextran amine. Aim: Develop a metodology for pathway tracing with the substance transmitted by axonal anterograde transport and compare iontophoretic and pressure injection of BDA. Methods: The experiment was performed on adult rats which where injected iontophoretic and pressure anterograde tracer BDA. One week after injection were decapitated in deep anesthesia, their brains removed, frozen in dry ice and stored at -70řC. The brains were then cut into thin coronal slice (50 µm), immunolabeled and loaded on microscopic slides. Individual sections were examined labeling nerve fibers at the injection site, its surroundings and contralateral side of the hemisphere. Results: After injections of anterograde tracer BDA into the nervous tissue have been shown labeling of nerve fibers at the injection site, surroundings and contralateral side of the hemisphere. As an efficient method for its injection was determined according to results of the pressure method. Key words: anterograde tracer, BDA, iontophoretic injection, cerebral ischemia, neuroplasticity
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Electrophysiological Models of Seizure like Activity for NO Detection in Vitro
Novák, Karel ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Definition of work: Electrophysiological models of seizure like activity for NO detection in vitro Supervisor: MUDr. Jakub Otáhal, PhD. Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics FTVS CUNI Department of Developmental Epileptology CAS, Institute of Physiology Consultant: Mgr. Renata Konopková Department of Developmental Epileptology CAS, Institute of Physiology Aim: The aim of the thesis is to introduce nitric oxide (NO) and its role in physiology and pathophysiolgy of central nervous system (CNS), with the intention of epileptiform activity in the nervous tissue. Our research was realized on rat hippocampal slices in vitro and it compares the experimental biochemical models (low-Mg2+ , high-K+ , Carbachol, Bicuculline and 4-Aminopyridine model). These changes in the environment of slice should evoke the epileptiform activity in the nervous tissue of the rat. The final aim of the thesis is to create an experimental model of epileptiform activity in vitro in our setup for imaging techniques and NO detection. Methods: Experiments were performed in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Rats were deeply anaesthetized with ether and decapitated. Brain was rapidly removed from the scull, cut in oxygenated (95%) and cooled (0, 5 řC) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) using vibratome in coronal slices of 400µm of...
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Anterograde tracing - a method for detection of plasticity of neuronal tracts
Krausová, Zuzana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: Anterograde tracing - method for detecting conversion neuronal pathways in CNS focal lesion Objective: Create a suitable methodology for dyeing commissural fibers and its future use it to evaluate the plasticity of nerve tissue and confirmed using the anterograde tracer detecting fibers from the application site of the tracer in the contralateral projection area. Method: The experiment was carried out on adult individuals of the rat, which It was applied anterograde tracer BDA. Then we watched the ability of the tracer color commissural nerve fibers and fibers on the behavior of the application site in sensorimotor cortex. Results show that Biotinylated dextran amine is capable as anterograde tracer color neurons and fibers in the puncture cannula. However, our experiment It proves that BDA is suitable for marking commissural connections from the application site contralateral. Key words: focal cerebral ischemia, anterograde tracing, BDA, white matter, plasticity nervous tissue Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Influence of rheological characteristics of muscle tissue by musculus triceps surae by means of AEK practice
Kupec, Karel ; Šifta, Petr (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Master's thesis topic: Influence of rheological characteristics of muscle tissue by musculus triceps surae by means of AEK practice Author: Bc. Karel Kupec Branch of study: Physiotherapy Disertation Tutor: PhDr. Petr Šifta, Ph.D. Year of Defense: 2013 Abstract: The target of this thesis was find out the effect of agistic-excentric contractions on muscle tension of musculus soleus compared with passive relaxation of musculus soleus. The assumption was, that agistic-excentric contraction reduce muscle tension of musculus soleus after anaerobic load. The contralateral lower limb was control limb for comparison agistic-excentric contraction and passive relaxation. Muscle tension was measured in laboratory in Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University: five students were measured. As a measurement method was used myotonometry, which simulated palpation. Measured data were displayed by using an analog-digital convertor and consequently evaluated. The results of this study found out positive effect of agistic-excentric contraction on muscle tension. Control form of relaxation, passive relaxation, didn't influence muscle tension so significantly. The results support the principle of hypotheses, that agisctic-exentric contraction approach affect muscle tension more positive than passive...
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Discrimination of EMG signals from individual forearm muscles from surface EMG.
Krásná, Jana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: Discrimination of EMG signals from individual forearm muscles from surface EMG Abstract: Location of electrodes for sensing the forearm muscles using surface electromyography is not accurately described. It is based only on recommendations by various authors in making researches. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal placement of electrodes on the forearm and describe it to another repeatable measurements. By analyzing the amplitude of EMG recording is confirmed not only the optimal location of electrodes, but either suggested muscle synergies that are possible to analyze more deeply in other studies because a detailed examination of muscle synergies are considerable application in upper limb prosthetics Keywords: Surface electromyography, forearm muscles, amplitude analysis
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The role of nitric oxide during in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases
Sikora Marečková, Věra ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: The role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of nitric oxide on the formation and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Another objective was to determinate, whether NO affects by its impact processes involved in apoptosis in the CNS. Methods: The thesis is prepared in the form of research, drawing from available relevant resources. Results: Nitric oxide is widely applied in the pathophysiology of selected neurodegenerative diseases, either directly or through other reactive nitrogen and oxygen. It also affects other factors that are involved in apoptosis in the CNS. Keywords: Nitric oxide, NMDA receptors, neurodegenerative diseases, excitotoxicity, apoptosis
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Angle in the joint and H-reflex
Stiborová, Pavla ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: H-reflex, depending on the position of the joint Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether the position of the ankle joint influences the parameters of the soleus muscle H-reflex. We are interested in a change of amplitude, latency and threshold of the H-reflex. Method: To measure H-reflex, we have used surface elektromygraphy. We examined two different positions of the foot in probands lying on the bed on their stomach. The first position was with the feet out of bed, around 90 degrees at the ankle joint (rest position). At the second position, the foot moved the bed and was in position in plantar flexion. Stimulation were performed over the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. The response, we recorded the surface electrode over the soleus muscle. Results: By changing the position of the ankle from rest to plantar flexion there was no statistically significant changes in amplitude, latency or threshold of the H-reflex. In plantar flection, we found a reduction of Hmax/Mmax ratio, which is probably due to reduced excitability alpha motoneurons through reciprocal ihibition from stretched muscle of the leg. Keywords: H-reflex, soleus muscle, joint position, surface EMG
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Method for assesment of the effect of selected anesthetics on H-reflex in laboratory rat.
Komárková, Mariana ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: Method for Assesment of the Effect of Selected Anesthetics on H-reflex in Laboratory Rat Objective: To create an applicable method for recording of the H-reflex of freely moveable unanesthetized rats. Methods: Three adult rats were each implanted in the right leg with stimulating electrodes in a flexible cuff on the tibial nerve and a pair of recording electrodes in the triceps surae muscle. After recovering it was evaluated if the electrodes are appropriate for stimulation of peripheral nerve and for recording of ongoing EMG and evoked EMG (H-reflex, M- response). Results: It is possible to use stimulating electrodes in a flexible cuff and a pair of recording electrodes for recording ongoing EMG and evoked EMG (H-reflex, M-response) in freely moveable rats. The experiment did not determine which kind of metal is the most appropriate for conductor for recording high quality EMG. Keywords: H-reflex, Electromyography, Implanted electrodes, Rat, Electrophysiology
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The Role of Furosemide on Intrinsic Optical Signals in Hippocampal slices
Kuta, Igor ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title of work: The Role of Furosemide on Intrinsic Optical Signals in hippocampal slices Objective: Learn how furosemide affects the internal optical signals in the rat hippocampus. Method: Measurement of IOS on slices of hippocampus in electro DG. detection IOS changes in the application of furosemide. Results: Internal optical signals are dependent on the activation of tissues and exhibit regional differences in hippocampal different layers. The concentration furosemide increases optical response of a tissue. Conclusion: The physiological processes in the nervous tissue are associated with changes in their optical properties. Furosemide in our work increased intrinsic optical signals. The change was more pronounced in dendritic compared with CA3 pyramidal layer. Keywords: hippocampus, an inner optical signals, furosemide, neuroglia, light transmission Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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