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Learning to draw in preschoolers (3, 4 and 5 years old)
Pejchalová, Zuzana ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Slavík, Jan (referee)
Synopsis of the thesis in Englis Surname and firstname: Bc. Pejchalová Zuzana Department: psychologie PdF UK Praha Title of thesis: Osvojování kresby dětmi předškolního věku (3, 4 - 5letými) Thesis title in English: Learning to draw in preschoolers (3, 4 and 5 years old) Supervisor: PhDr. Miroslav Klusák, CSc. Number of pages: 63 Number of attachments: 30 Number of used literature: 14 Keywords: Drawing in kindergarten Graphmotor Group drawing Guided drawing Freehand drawing Summary in English Diploma thesis is focused on learning to draw in preschoolers. It describes individual art-education parts of the daily program in which children in kindergarten draw. It gives closer characteristics of what children draw within each part, as well as of the educational targets enforced by the teacher. Finally, it focuses on the individual differences in children's learning.
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A pilot study of efficiency of cognitive behavioral treatment on pacients with anxiety disorders with special focus on intimacy
Hanušová, Nikola ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
In my master's thesis, I investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on patients with anxiety disorders, with a specific focus on the area of intimacy. I examine changes in personality functioning, differences between the control and experimental groups, the influence of program completion under different conditions, and the impact of socio-demographic variables. The pilot study subjects are patients who completed the program in Ward 1 or attended the day clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health. The patients underwent a six- week cognitive-behavioral therapy program with elements that focus on intimacy. Interviews were conducted with patients at the beginning and end of the program to monitor changes in personality functioning. The research tools STiP 5.1 and LPFS-BF 2.0 were used for measurement. The results were subsequently compared with respondents from the intact population (currently not undergoing any psychotherapeutic or psychiatric treatment) who underwent interviews at the same time intervals. It was found that it is possible to measure disruptions in personality functioning of anxious patients based on STiP 5.1 and LPFS-BF 2.0, which differ from the personality functioning of the intact population. Based on the comparison of the first and second assessments of...
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Humor at school: teaching with joke
Kubátová, Michaela ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Štech, Stanislav (referee) ; Švaříček, Roman (referee)
This dissertation deals with the issue of humour in the school environment. It aims to obtain data on humour used in the teaching of mathematics by teachers of Czech primary and secondary schools and on their basis to contribute to the theory of using humour to support the learning of pupils and students, especially to the issue of so-called humour techniques. Practical use for teaching professionals is expected output of this dissertation. The dissertation is structured as empirical research primarily built on qualitative methodology. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers and analyzed according to the method of the so-called grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1999). The amount of the data also enabled their quantitative analysis, whereas the dependence of the researched phenomena on predefined parameters was identified. The theoretical basis of the dissertation is founded upon the analysis of overview texts on humour in school environment and upon research studies dealing with the influence of humour on learning. The output of the literature search is the design of a new model of the forms of the use of humour in teaching and the definition of circumstances that may hinder or contribute to the positive impact of humour on learning. The result of the empirical...
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Climate in physical education lessons in lower and upper secondary schools - questionnaire survey
Schreková, Natalie ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Lukavská, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor thesis seeks to explore the climate in physical education classes and discover unexplored internal contexts. Climate is understood here in a broad sense, i.e. in addition to the relationships between pupils and the relationships between pupils and teacher, the component of attitudes towards the subject of physical education is also investigated, which is why attitude is one of the central themes of the whole thesis. The literature search initially focuses on the current situation of sport and physical education, then presents previously conducted investigations of the attitudes of pupils of different ages towards physical education and presents the already scientifically confirmed connections with attitudes towards physical education. The quantitative research was focused on primary and secondary school pupils in the Vysočina region, who were tested using 3 instruments - an attitudinal questionnaire taken from the MŠMT Circus Pedagogy project, a climate questionnaire by Ježek and Mareš and the Hrabal sociometric-rating questionnaire. Through various statistical tests, I verified that attitudes towards physical education are consistent with the literature reviewed and are in a slightly positive range, with the proportion of students with negative attitudes being less than 10 %. In...
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Joke at school (primary and lower secondary)
Pejchalová, Michaela ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kučera, Miloš (referee)
in English The thesis focuses on problematics of child jokes at a primary and a lower secondary school. Its aim is to study and analyze how child jokes work and how they develop across different grades of the primary and the lower secondary school. The thesis is based on empirical research of qualitative nature with transversal overlap. Data was obtained in a use of the following qualitative methods: group interviews and analysis of artefacts (jokes). Another analysis (qualitative and quantitative) and an interpretation of the materials followed. All the finding were then compared with a known literature. The written work consists of three main parts. Theoretical part is based on concepts of Sigmund Freud, Martha Wolfenstein, the cognitive psychologists and the linguists. The second part of the thesis describes metodology of the research and analysis of the data. The main result of the research is a classification scheme of different techniques of construction of child jokes' points. The classification takes in a consideration a connection with developmental trends and gender differences across the different grades of the primary and the lower secondary school. The third part of the thesis discusses and summarizes similarities and differences between the research and a relevant literature. The main...
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Depression as an escape from burden of life: Analysis of interviews
Bartošková, Magda ; Chrz, Vladimír (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
In this paper I will be mapping an inner world of thought and experience lived by individuals suffering from depression. Based on differently experienced narratives I will try to reveal common features, which could help with better understanding "depressive mode of life experience". Research took place in Prague Psychiatric Centre. It consisted of narrative analysis of four 90 minute long autobiogaphic interviews. Four respondents were of both sexes and 17 - 59 years old. In these interviews was emphasized formation of structure in their life narrative. The result of this analysis was formlation of theory of Depressive mode of organizing the experience. This theory is expanded with mode of escape mechanism describing tightening of depletion of external purpose loop and causal mechanism of reluctance to pursue introspection, which leads to deficit of authorship and need for understanding and acting other, who would compensate described deficit. These models have been compared with other theories and research of C. G. Jung and Erich Fromm. Ideas of both authors complete each other and expand findings of this research.
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Psychological aspects of reading and its ontogenesis
Andrlová, Lenka ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis addresses the topic of reading. By means of the qualitative research it analyzes reading of the pupils of the secondary professional school and secondary extension courses, i.e. young people 15-32 years old. Primarily, it deals with two topics: the process of reading (choice of the book, process of reading itself and subsiding of reading) and the reading evolution. Moreover, using individual interviews, it surveys other subtle aspects of reading and accompanying experience. Finally it characterizes individual reader's stages according to the age of the child.
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