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The Polish anti-abortion movement in context of the social and political debate
Stejskalová, Michaela ; Klípa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kubát, Michal (referee)
Issues related to women's rights, and specifically the right to abortion, belong to the range of central topics that every modern society must deal with and that signal the degree of its liberalization. For the same reason, the given issue is thematized by global and local conservative actors, who have been disseminating the concept of so-called "genderism" in the last decade, which they have used to cover issues of abortion and other social changes considered from their perspective as negative and degrading the "natural order" of Western civilization. They have decided to take an active stand against such changes and to advocate for a political and social return to traditional values. In this context, an important example is Poland, where under the rule of the conservative populist Law and Justice party between 2015 and 2023, there was a clear trend towards this value shift, in which conservative non-governmental organizations played a significant role. A typical example of such an entity is the Ordo Iuris Foundation, which has managed to establish itself as a major actor in the fight against artificial termination of pregnancy and other related issues in a short time horizon. The aim of this thesis was to map how the agenda of Ordo Iuris fits into the goals set by the global anti-gender...
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Belarusian civil society from the perspective of Ales Bjaljacki
Markautsova, Viktoryia ; Klípa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (referee)
This diploma thesis explores the perspective of Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ales Bjaljacki on the issue of the Belarusian civil society, particularly in the realm of human rights and human rights organizations of civil sector. These organizations have been operating in Belarus since the late 20th century and have consistently faced pressure and repression from the Belarusian regime of Alexander Lukashenko. The theoretical section is focused on defining contemporary concepts of civil society and addressing the inclusion of the Belarusian civil society within existing definitions. The practical section consists of an analysis of an interview with Ales Bjaljacki. It examines what the respondent considers key factors in the development of civil society, how he assesses the influence of the political situation on the Belarusian civil society, and his views on its past and future. Ales Bjaljacki perspective in this work is contrasted with the views of the author Andrew Wilson, who analyses the Belarusian civil society in the book "Belarus: The Last European Dictatorship." Additionally, Bjaljacki viewpoint in this work is compared with the opinions of various other authors who have researched civil society in Belarus, and their main findings are presented in the books "Civil society in Belarus 2000-2015,...
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The Strategic Position of Eastern Galicia within the West Ukrainian Republic
Pastuščak, Alan ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on a partial episode of international and diplomatic relations of one of the short-lived successor states of Austria-Hungary - the West Ukrainian Republic. When, in the fall of 1918, war broke out between Poland and the West Ukrainian Republic over which side would have a permanent claim to Eastern Galicia, France and Great Britain made repeated efforts to settle the disputes between the two states, but in the end the sovereignty of the West Ukrainian Republic was not preserved. The aim of the thesis is to determine the reasons why the West Ukrainian Republic as a geopolitical entity did not receive sufficient foreign support to ensure its existence and independence in the fight against Poland. For the research purposes of the work, a combination of several historiographical methodological procedures was used, such as direct, indirect, or progressive. The purpose of this procedure is a clear chronological description of key events, such as diplomatic missions, meetings of delegations, or the work of commissions preparing key documents. The work came to the conclusion that the West Ukrainian Republic collapsed mainly because of stubbornness on the part of its politicians, specifically in the case of the decision not to accept Barthélemy's demarcation line. After the...
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Ukrainian Nationalism in Polish Print Media: Comparison of Selected Right-wing and Left-wing Periodicals (2014-2022)
Pavlíček, Denis ; Klípa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Korablyova, Valeriya (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the relationship of Poles to Ukrainian nationalism between 2014 and 2022. This issue is examined through selected Polish print media (Rzeczpospolita, Gazeta Wyborcza, Do Rzeczy and Polityka). The aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify the main differences in the approaches of right-wing and left-wing media to topics related to Ukrainian nationalism during the observed period. Firstly, the issue of Polish-Ukrainian relations is introduced with an emphasis on mutual disputes over the interpretation of history. Then follows the justification of the selection of chosen titles, while their ideological differences are mentioned. After evaluating the previous approaches to media analysis, the selected research methods are presented. In order to answer the research questions and assess the validity of the hypotheses, a qualitative content analysis, an inductive content analysis, and a frequency analysis of the articles found using keywords related to Ukrainian nationalism are conducted. After a commentary of the results of each analysis, the periodicals are then compared with each other. Lastly, a discussion of all results is conducted, the research questions answered and the validity of the hypotheses assessed.
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Belarusian Politics of History 2011-2020 and Soft Belarusization
Kužela, Jan ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
In my thesis, I focus on the phenomenon of Soft Belarusization, which I contextualize within the historical politics of the state led by authoritarian President Alexander Lukashenko. The focal point of the work is the year 2014 when following the Russian annexation of Crimea there was an increase in national motifs in the public sphere, along with the support for Belarusian culture and language. I approach the issue by analyzing primary sources - Russian disinformation websites, reactions of Belarusian politicians and ideologists, which I interpret in connection with the specific type of Belarusian regime, adaptive authoritarianism. The key contribution of this thesis comes from structured interviews with representatives of the Belarusian opposition, who operate both in exile and directly in Belarus, enriching the subject matter with direct, authentic experiences of the individuals involved. The aim of the whole thesis is to unravel the complex relationships between historical politics and manifestations of Soft Belarusization, describe its impact on historical politics and deepen awareness of these phenomena from the perspective of the Belarusian opposition.
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Minority Rights and Possibilities of Identification of the Hungarian Minority in Czechoslovakia on Žitný ostrov in 1969-1989
Ročkár, Matej ; Juhászová, Tereza (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis deals with the minority rights of the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia in the period 1969 - 1989. The thesis focuses on the impact of the state's minority policy on the everyday life of Hungarians on Žitný ostrov, which is one of the regions with the strongest proportion of Hungarians of all regions in Slovakia. The period between 1969 and 1989 was marked not only by the normalisation processes following the invasion of the Warsaw Pact troops but also by the federalisation of Czechoslovakia. Thanks to this, some of the competencies that had an impact on the daily life of national minorities were transferred to the level of Slovakia as one of the state-forming units. This thesis aims to find out how members of the Hungarian minority experienced the period of normalisation. To answer this question, research was conducted in the form of personal interviews with witnesses. Their memories and experiences of the period under study are confronted in the thesis with the minority legislation in force at the time. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the possibility of identification of the Hungarian minority. First of all, it focuses on the possibility of using the mother tongue in the public space, education, access to media, information and culture in the Hungarian language....
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Collectivization of agriculture and nationalization of property in the village of Uhřice u Sedlce - Prčice in Czech Siberia between 1945 and 1960
Trojovská, Pavlína ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
The described development in the village of Uhřice (Sedlec - Prčice) with detailed consideration of two mills reflects the political, social and economic changes in Czechoslovakia that began in February 1948. In particular the collectivisation of agriculture accompanied by confiscation and nationalisation of movable and immovable assets in the region traditionally linked to a peasant way of life. The example of the village Uhřice and the studied mills illustrates the transformation of the area hidden under the term "Socialisation of the countryside". At the same time, it bears witness to the fact that ideology itself is not a crime in its entirety; the crimes are committed by the people themselves - the perpetrators, those who do so in good faith, as well as those who act for personal gain. The work is based mainly on written documents preserved in the State District Archives in Příbram and Benešov. The findings are set in the broader context of the legal and political framework. For this reason, the period under study is limited to the first half of the 1970s.
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