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Suicidality in young adults with homosexual orientation
Slezáková, Karolína ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of suicidality in emerging adulthood of same-sex-oriented individuals. In addition to the definition of basic concepts, the theoretical part of the thesis focuses on suicidal behavior in the context of same-sex-oriented young adults. Attention is also focused on general risk factors as well as specific factors for the homosexual subpopulation. Furthermore, there are also mentioned general protective factors and preventive measures of suicidality, as well as factors and measures specific to the same-sex-oriented subpopulation. The empirical part of the diploma thesis describes the realization of research project the main aim of which was to verify whether same-sex-oriented young adults show a significantly higher suicidal risk compared to their opposite-sex-oriented peers. The SBQ-R, MSPSS and MSS methods were used to obtain the necessary data and due to the pandemic situation of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic, the data collection was administrated online. The sample consisted of 194 participants, aged 19 to 29 years. Hypotheses were tested using Welch's t-test or correlation analysis. Based on the obtained data, it was found that the same-sex-oriented young adults have a significantly higher suicidal risk compared to their opposite-sex-oriented peers. The...
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Coping mechanisms of police officers from the perspective of the theory of planned behavior
Burdová, Dominika ; Faberová, Karolína (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
This thesis examines the coping mechanisms used by police officers to cope with the stress inherent in their profession and attempts to better understand the processes behind the decision to use specific coping mechanisms by applying Ajzen's theory of planned action. The first chapter of the thesis is devoted to the structure of the Police of the Czech Republic and the topic of stress, focusing on the most common consequences of chronic stress as well as the most significant stressors in police work. The second chapter first theoretically introduces the concept of coping, followed by a description of the psychological care provided to members of the Police of the Czech Republic and the results of Czech and foreign research on coping mechanisms of police officers. The last chapter of the theoretical part first introduces the individual components of the theory of planned action, presents research that has used it to predict the intention to use psychological care, and finally applies this theory to the use of psychological services offered to police officers. The empirical part of the thesis then aims to test the ability of a modified model of the theory of planned action to predict police officers' intention to use professional psychological help. Based on the literature search, it was found that...
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Validation of Goldberg index in czech version of MMPI-2 for detection of the psychotic spectrum disorders
Kraupnerová, Julie ; Michalec, Jiří (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
This master's theses is a validation study that aims to verify the ability of Goldberg index to discriminate between psychiatric patients with either psychotic or nonpsychotic mental health disorders. There were 374 patients included in this study after selecting valid MMPI-2 profiles based on validity criteria specific for the clinical population. Goldberg index's ability to discriminate patients was analyzed using the ROC curve and independent samples t-test. Results show very weak ability to discriminate between patients close to the classification by chance (AUC = 0.668). Means of the psychotic and nonpsychotic group are significantly different but only with moderate effect size (Cohenovo d =-.576, p<.001). The optimal cut-off as a combination of highest sensitivity and specificity for Goldberg index was 48. Screening and diagnostic cut-offs were also explored. Since Goldberg index shows very weak ability to discriminate between psychotic and nonpsychotic patients generating too many false positives and false negatives, it is not possible to support the use of this parameter in clinical and diagnostic practise. Presented study is the first one to validate Goldberg index on any population, czech or otherwise. Key words: mmpi-2; goldberg index; psychotic disorders;
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Effect of Verbal Dual-tasks on Function of Central Executive Network and Default Mode Network
Valeš, Jáchym ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
This paper examines the role of inner speech in the domains of the central executive and default mode network. Studies of inner speech have repeatedly indicated its role and use in a variety of cognitive tasks, regardless of the verbal or non-verbal nature of the procedure employed in their execution. These studies have primarily focused on the domains of the central executive network; no such study has yet been conducted for the default mode network. The aim of the present work is to design an fMRI study that could approximate the role of inner speech in a selected domain of the default mode network - the retrieval of content from long-term, episodic memory. The theoretical section provides a definition of inner speech, describes the neural correlates of different types of speech, and compares a number of studies and their approaches to studying inner speech. In addition, the thesis emphasizes neurodevelopmental and neurobiological aspects, which the thesis places in the context of significant developmental leaps, particularly between the ages of 5 and 10 years. The given facts are also developed in the context of autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, deaf-mute individuals and individuals with aphasia. Key words Inner speech; Cognitive functions; Central Executive Network; Default Mode...
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Procrastination and smartphones - possible cause or solution?
Vondrášková, Anežka ; Dlouhá, Jana (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on linking the topic of procrastination with the topic of smartphone use. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to answer the question whether smartphones can be a cause or a solution to procrastination. Smartphones, with their comprehensive features, have the potential to be a tool to reduce procrastination behaviour. However, problematic aspects of their use may include procrastination. The literature review section focuses on the concepts separately and their interconnections. The phenomenon of procrastination is described in more detail, as are aspects of smartphone use. The bachelor thesis mentions studies that have investigated the connection between the phenomenon of procrastination and the use of smartphones. In the empirical part, a research project design is presented. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are used in the research project. The research design aims to find out whether a group of research participants who do not carry a smartphone during the research will procrastinate less than a group of research participants who do carry a smartphone but use an app to manage procrastination. This work could benefit research into effective procrastination interventions, as well as it could enrich the field of digital wellbeing.
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EEG Neurofeedback as an instrument to explore introspective correlates of cortical activity
Kaplan, Cyril ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Nekovářová, Tereza (referee) ; Uher, Tomáš (referee)
Background: EEG neurofeedback is mostly used as a tool in clinical research and practice. Though many studies exploring the efficiency of neurofeedback training in treating distinct symptoms were performed, mostly adopting a design similar to clinical trials, many aspects of the whole process remain unclear as they are frequently neglected by and/or underreported in the published studies. Surprisingly, one of the first uses that the EEG neurofeedback was put to, had no clinical ambitions. The act of playing a simple sonic game with a goal to generate simple tones (by upregulating own alpha activity) served as a bridge for subsequent interviews targeting the subjective experience that accompanied the shifts in alpha oscillations. Objectives: The series of studies as a whole (a pilot and three studies) was designed around the instrument of EEG neurofeedback loop. The main objective was to capture the essence of subjective experience that accompanies rises and drops in the power of specific EEG features. Similarities and incongruencies in the character of subjective experience across subjects while interacting with the same EEG neurofeedback game were of interest, as well as the similarities and incongruencies in the subjective experience of one subject engaged in distinct EEG neurofeedback tasks....
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The PASS Theory - from research to intervention
Khánská, Lenka ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
This bachelor thesis focused on the origin and principles of the PASS theory (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive Processing processomg). It introduces the the information processing theory by A. R. Luria, from which the PASS theory stems. It also describes CAS and CAS2 (Cognitive Assessment System) tools, which enable the assessment of PASS processes. The work offers an overview of some possible interventions that are based on the PASS theory. The work includes a number of studies that examined how CAS is able to recognize specific groups of children (e.g. Children with ADHD, Down syndrome, etc.), and how to verify whether interventions are effective. The research proposal examines how the PASS processes influence school activities focusing on pupils in primary schools. This research could serve as the basis for the use of interventions within the frame of school education and thus it could help for the effective development of the PASS processes. Keywords: PASS Theory, Planning, Attention, Simultaneous Information Processing, Successive Information Processing, Cognitive Assessment System, Intervention
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The evaluation of noise and its impact on attention
Doležalová, Pavlína ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
Attention is a complex ability that contributes significantly to the process of intentional learning. This rigorous thesis is an extension of the original diploma thesis, which at the theoretical level focused on the types and theories of attention related to the effective management of school demands. More specifically, it focused on the developmental period of older school age and adolescence, i.e. on secondary school pupils - this target group was kept in the rigorous work as well. The diploma thesis analyzed the results of scientific studies that dealt with research into attention and its properties (such as stability, concentration or selectivity). The work was focused on examining whether a simple compensatory aid - here it is earplugs - can improve concentration and stability of attention during learning. She also briefly mentioned the physiological basis of the functioning of this cognitive process. The conclusion of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis mapped the current possibilities of attention diagnostics, especially in children and adolescents. Selected disorders of attention (e.g. ADD, ADHD), which (not only) are closely related to learning, were also mentioned in passing. The rigorous work complements the theoretical part with chapters on the topic of music and its effect on...
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Psychedelic experience and attitude towards death
Horáková, Anna ; Kočárová, Rita (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
Theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is focused on psychedelics substances and its effects. It focuses on the context of psychedelics experience and its relationship to psychedelics fenomenology specifically its course, quality, intensity and longterm changes in bahavior and experiencing. It focuses in more detail on mystical experience during pychedelic experience. This thesis also focuses on particular attitudes toward death, their meaning for an individual and his life. This Thesis present summary of factors which are related to specific attitude toward death and which may be ralated to specific fenomenology during psychedelic experience. Aim of this thesis is to find out if there is a relationship between psychedelic experience and attitude toward death. Design of this kvantitative research is focused on psychedelic users with psychedelic experience. Research uses Mystical Experience Questionnarie (MEQ), Challenging Experience Questionnarie (CEQ) and Death Attitude Profile - Revised (DAP-R) to fing out what psychedelic experience was experienced in uncotrolled kontext by non-clinical psychedelic users and tries to put this experience in a relationship with a attitude toward death. Research problem si focused on a connetcion between mystical experience induced by a psychedelic substance its...
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Role of Psychologist in End of Life Care for Terminally Ill
Černá, Tereza ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
Abstact In healthcare the role of psychologist and the possibility of using psychological intervention in somatic wards is still a rather utopian idea. The role of the psychologist and its use in the care of terminally ill patients is perceived in similar inaccurate way. This bachelor's thesis describes the process, which patients go through, when coping with terminal illness and factors that affect this process. The aim of this work is to point out the importance of psychosocial needs and outline the ways in which psychologist can contribute to the improvement of psychotherapeutic care in palliative medicine. The thesis is divided into two main parts - literary overview and empirical. The first chapter is devoted to death, the perception of death and its definition from a historical and current point of view, including its typology. The second chapter follows up the process of dying, its conceptual definition and individual phases of dying. The third chapter mentions two main models of dying and the possibilities and types of palliative and hospice care. The fourth chapter is devoted to the needs, wishes and rights of the dying. The fifth chapter describes the process of coping with terminal illness and the factor influencing this process. This chapter also mentions the Kübler-Ross model, also known as the...
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