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Exploration of extraterrestrial body impact and UV-driven transformation of atmospheres of terrestrial planets
Knížek, Antonín ; Ferus, Martin (advisor) ; Kabáth, Petr (referee) ; Kopecký, Vladimír (referee)
Keywords: Exoplanets, Earth, Impact, Photochemistry, Infrared Spectroscopy, Atmospheric chemistry Impacts and photochemistry are two very important driving forces for chemical transformation of planetary atmospheres. While strong UV radiation produced by young stars continuously provides a significant amount of energy, impacts are one-time events with far-reaching consequences. Especially important are then impacts on young rocky planets, including the early Earth, because these planets are likely exposed to much higher impact fluxes, commonly called 'heavy bombardment'. This bombardment is the final echo of the turbulent planetary accretion and has prominent significance for planetary environments, e.g., the chemical composition and shape of the planetary surface, the chemistry of atmospheres, aerosol production, and likely the origin of life. Future observations of exoplanets by space telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope or Ariel, as well as ground-based telescopes, such as the Extremely Large Telescope currently under construction in Chile, could determine whether this heavy bombardment represents a common scenario for the evolution of terrestrial planets. Both impacts and photochemistry can be efficiently simulated and studied in laboratory conditions by state-of-the-art methods....
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Testing of new CCD on E152 - stellar variability
Frýda, Jan ; Kabáth, Petr (advisor) ; Vaňko, Martin (referee)
E152 telescope will be used for future characterization of exoplanets and so testing of its instruments is needed along with construction and testing of a pipeline, which is going to process acquired frames. This pipeline, which performs calibration of frames from photometric CCD camera C4-16000 placed on the E152 telescope and aperture and differential photometry, has been developed, successfully tested and applied on sequences of frames acquired from a testing run of the camera. During this testing run, two flare stars AU Microscopii (AU Mic) and DS Tucanae (DS Tuc) with known exoplanets have been observed. Problems with electronics system and flat frames of the camera have been revealed. Light Curves of stars AU Mic and DS Tuc have been analyzed. No transit or flare has been detected for DS Tucanae A, but a flare has been detected for AU Mic whose energy in Sloan g filter has been approximated as Eflare = 8, 7352.1027 erg which is of the order of expected value within range of error. In the AU Mic field an object with name 2MASS 20450857-3123234 has been detected, it is likely a δ Scuti variable star. 1
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Photometric and spectroscopic characterization of substellar companions to stars
Šubjak, Ján ; Kabáth, Petr (advisor) ; Rojo, Patricio (referee) ; Vaňko, Martin (referee)
Substellar objects (giants planets and brown dwarfs) are objects not massive enough to sustain hydrogen fusion as stars do. These two groups have many similar properties; hence, the best way to characterise and distinguish them is intensively discussed. One can argue that the current definition based on the mass is not fundamental as it does not include objects in the phase of accreting mass, which can end up either as giant planets or brown dwarfs. Hence, the formation process can be a better approach to distinguishing giant planets from brown dwarfs. However, because of the difficulty in observationally determining the formation history of individual substellar companions to stars, such a definition is very difficult to put into practice. The presented study discusses transiting substellar objects as especially suitable objects to study their formation and evolution history. It presents techniques which can be used to study the formation and evolution of these objects, focusing primarily on the tidal interactions between substellar objects and host stars, and discusses that the precision of stellar parameters such as mass, radius and age play a crucial role. Tidal interactions are then studied for two specific systems of a transiting brown dwarf and Saturn-mass planet. Finally, to understand the formation...
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Chemistry of Venus and EnVision mission
Kubíčková, Tereza ; Ferus, Martin (advisor) ; Kabáth, Petr (referee)
In this thesis, we summarize basic knowledge regarding chemical processes occuring in Venus atmosphere with an accent on its theoretical modelling and related spectral research. We briefly summarize objectives and technical details about scheduled ESA EnVission mission, which is supposed to widen current knowledge concerning the history, present and future of the planet and its climate, morphology, geophysics and chemical environment. The outcome of this thesis is a summary of spectral measurements of selec- ted atmospheric species using laboratory technique known as High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Transform (HR-FTIR), recorded in NIR spectra of Venus with a special focus on a range of echelet spectrometer of the EnVision probe. Further in the thesis we describe a related computational atmospheric model ARGO, whose results con- cerning selected compounds are compared to in situ measurements and results of other atmospheric models. The aim of this thesis is to outline a current state of Venus research and its future related to the plan of EnVision mission and to verify functionality of current cumputational atmospheric model. 1
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High resolution spectroscopy of exoplanets - tool for characterization
Dupkala, Daniel ; Kabáth, Petr (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
We observed 211 spectra of transiting exoplanet MASCARA-2b (also known as KELT-20b) with OES echelle spectrograph installed at Perek telescope at Astronomical Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences. All data were acquired in 2018. From the total number of observed frames 100 were acquired during transit phase. Spectroscopic time series taken during transit can reveal characteristics of the exoplanet itself. In this work we will present data reduction of the echelle spectroscopy along with analysis of the reduced data. We discuss suitability of the data from Perek telescope for further characterization of exoplanetary systems. We will present the detection limits in this work. Expected aim is to understand the systematic errors and the data sets from Perek telescope in general and their suitability for spectroscopic follow-up in the era of bright TESS exoplanet host stars. 1
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Automation of processing and photometric data analysis for transiting exoplanets observed with ESO NIR instrument HAWK-I
Blažek, M. ; Kabáth, Petr ; Klocová, Tereza ; Skarka, Marek
Nowadays, when amount of data still increases, it is necessary to automatise their processing. State-of-the-art instruments are capable to produce even tens of thousands of images during a single night. One of them is HAWK-I that is a part of Very Large Telescope of European Southern Observatory. This instrument works in near-infrared band. In my Master thesis, I dealt with developing a pipeline to process data obtained by the instrument. It is written in Python programming language using commands of IRAF astronomical software and it is developed directly for “Fast Photometry Mode” of HAWK-I. In this mode, a large number of data has been obtained during secondary eclipses of exoplanets by their host star. The pipeline was tested by a data set from sorting of the images to making a light curve. The data of WASP-18 system contained almost 40 000 images observed by using a filter centered at 2.09 μm wavelength and there is a plan to process other data sets. A goal of processing of WASP-18 and the other data sets is consecutive analysis of exoplanetary atmospheres of the observed systems.
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