|
|
Development of methods for fast soil analysis
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
The submitted diploma thesis aims to extend the use of thermogravimetry for the analysis of organic C and total N contents in soils. The advantages of thermogravimetry in comparison to conventional analytical methods are that it is a versatile technique that provides fast analysis, does not require sample pretreatment and chemicals– and can be used for the analysis of various soil types. The research work performed so far showed correlations between thermogravimetric data and some soil properties. In the past, intact soils exposed to 76% relative humidity (RH) were analyzed by thermogravimetry for these purposes. However, this humidity is problematic to achieve and maintain for most thermogravimeters. Recent work has shown that correlations can be observed in agricultural land exposed to lower RH. Therefore, it can be assumed that a correlation between TG data exists in soils exposed to any RH. TG could then be used to analyze soil properties under any known RH conditions. The aim of this work was to verify this hypothesis and try to incorporate knowledge of RH into the relationships between TG and soil properties. For this reason, intact soils exposed to the relative humidity of 30, 55, and 76% were analyzed in this work. It was demonstrated the dependence between organic C content and mass loss between 320 and 330°C as well as total nitrogen content and mass loss between 410 and 420°C independently of relative humidity. Based on that knowledge, we have derived equations enabling determination of the content of organic C and total N for RH ranging 43% - 76% using mass losses and knowledge of RH. Nevertheless, due to the low number of tested RH, the equations are still only preliminary and need to be improved by analyzing soil samples at a larger number of RH.
|
|
|
Drugs and possibility of their elimination in sewage waters
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with issue of increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and its influence on the environment. In the Czech Republic the pharmaceuticals from the benzodiazepine group are still widely prescribed and used by patients. There was tracked four representatives of this group alprazolam, bromazepam, diazepam and oxazepam which are indicated for therapy of insomnia, psychiatric diseases but also like a general anesthetics or antiepileptics. Presence of this pharmaceuticals is being repeatedly confirmed in wastewaters and surface waters troughout the whole Europe and other developed countries even though their negative effects for the water ecosystem are known. The target od this thesis is to optimalizethe methods for determination of choosen pharmaceuticals in watewaters in Brno and surrounded area. There was also evaluatedthe hazard level for water ecosystem related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in target matrices which were the wastewaters from wastewater treatment plants in towns Brno – Modřice and from two another towns in south Moravia. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were tracked in the influents and effluents. The analytes were isolated from the matrices by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and quantificated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with detection by the diode array (DAD).
|
|
| |
|
|
Development of methods for fast soil analysis
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
The submitted diploma thesis aims to extend the use of thermogravimetry for the analysis of organic C and total N contents in soils. The advantages of thermogravimetry in comparison to conventional analytical methods are that it is a versatile technique that provides fast analysis, does not require sample pretreatment and chemicals– and can be used for the analysis of various soil types. The research work performed so far showed correlations between thermogravimetric data and some soil properties. In the past, intact soils exposed to 76% relative humidity (RH) were analyzed by thermogravimetry for these purposes. However, this humidity is problematic to achieve and maintain for most thermogravimeters. Recent work has shown that correlations can be observed in agricultural land exposed to lower RH. Therefore, it can be assumed that a correlation between TG data exists in soils exposed to any RH. TG could then be used to analyze soil properties under any known RH conditions. The aim of this work was to verify this hypothesis and try to incorporate knowledge of RH into the relationships between TG and soil properties. For this reason, intact soils exposed to the relative humidity of 30, 55, and 76% were analyzed in this work. It was demonstrated the dependence between organic C content and mass loss between 320 and 330°C as well as total nitrogen content and mass loss between 410 and 420°C independently of relative humidity. Based on that knowledge, we have derived equations enabling determination of the content of organic C and total N for RH ranging 43% - 76% using mass losses and knowledge of RH. Nevertheless, due to the low number of tested RH, the equations are still only preliminary and need to be improved by analyzing soil samples at a larger number of RH.
|
|
|
Drugs and possibility of their elimination in sewage waters
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with issue of increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and its influence on the environment. In the Czech Republic the pharmaceuticals from the benzodiazepine group are still widely prescribed and used by patients. There was tracked four representatives of this group alprazolam, bromazepam, diazepam and oxazepam which are indicated for therapy of insomnia, psychiatric diseases but also like a general anesthetics or antiepileptics. Presence of this pharmaceuticals is being repeatedly confirmed in wastewaters and surface waters troughout the whole Europe and other developed countries even though their negative effects for the water ecosystem are known. The target od this thesis is to optimalizethe methods for determination of choosen pharmaceuticals in watewaters in Brno and surrounded area. There was also evaluatedthe hazard level for water ecosystem related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in target matrices which were the wastewaters from wastewater treatment plants in towns Brno – Modřice and from two another towns in south Moravia. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were tracked in the influents and effluents. The analytes were isolated from the matrices by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and quantificated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with detection by the diode array (DAD).
|
|
| |
|
|
The importance of public relations for the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Křítková, Soňa (referee)
The goal of my bachelor thesis was to confirm or falsify the hypothesis if public relations activities are really the necessity for the government, specifically for the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic and to clarify their meaning. The theoretical part is focused on definitions, which are relating to public relations in general and definitions, which are relating to public relations in the government. The practical part is dedicated to a description of the activities of the Communications Department of the Ministry of Finance, which provides the PR activities and then to a questionnaire survey and the analysis of its results. The thesis is mainly focused on the function of PR activities in the state administration, which are essential for the functioning of a modern democratic society as the government must be responsible for their activities to the citizens. The result of this thesis is, that public relations are really necessary for the Ministry of Finance.
|
guest ::
