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Historical anthropology of dreams
Jirsová, Kateřina ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Zaoral, Roman (referee)
An unconventional theoretical study of dreams, this master's thesis aims to approach dreams from the perspective of historical anthropology, with a special emphasis on the Middle Ages. It analyses various theories of dreams from Antiquity to the Enlightenment, considering also the psychoanalytic approach, or (if you like) 20th century analytical psychology, and it is particularly concerned with the medieval notion of dreams and visions, with a special emphasis on the analysis of prophetic dreams of Jan of Jenštejn, the Prague archbishop in the end of the 14th century.
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Sipping in the nutrition of oncologic pacients
Andrysíková, Šárka ; Aschermannová, Alexandra (advisor) ; Jirsová, Kateřina (referee)
Author: Andrysíková Šárka Institution: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Title: Sipping in the nutrition of oncologic pacients Tutor: as. MUDr. Alexandra Aschermannová Number of pages: 60 Number of supplements: 7 Year: 2015 Key words: Cancer, malnutrition, prevention, screening, nutritional support, parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, sipping This paper is focused on practical use of the simplest form of enteral nutrition - sipping - from the point of view of cancer patients. The aim of the paper is to find out whether nutritional intervention, namely recommendation of sipping is motivating enough for the patient or whether there is another factor that is important, i.e. a subjective attitude of the cancer patient - price, availability or flavor. The paper is divided into two parts - a theoretical part and a research one. The theoretical part describes terms - origin of cancer cells, statistics of cancer occurrence in the Czech Republic, the main ways of treating cancer. Diagnosis of malnutrition and evaluation of nutritional status, types of pharmaceutical enteral nutrition - tube feeding and sipping, parenteral nutrition. In the research part, there is discussed the reality of everyday use of sipping from the point of view of cancer patients.
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Localization of collagen type VIII in normal and pathological human cornea
Zenklová, Kateřina ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Holcát, Martin (referee)
The aim of this work was to localize collagen type VIII in different layers of the cornea and to compare it's localization in normal corneas with pathological corneas obtained from patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous dystrophy or keratoconus.The only comercially available antibody did not proove sufficient specifiky for collagen type VIII. With use of the antibody 9H3 anti alCVIII was collagen VIII evidenced in the cornea. This antibody can be used for detection of differences in distribution of collagen VIII in normal and pathological human cornea.
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The role and function of stromal enzymes in keratoconus pathogenesis
Ďuďáková, Ľubica ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Svozílková, Petra (referee) ; Ardan, Taras (referee)
Lubica Dudakova Doctoral Thesis ABSTRACT Keratoconus (KC) is a non-inflammatory disease of the cornea, in which ectasia and thinning occur probably due to defects in the collagen fibers binding. It is one of the most common indications for corneal transplantation. KC is a complex disorder with the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors; however the exact pathogenic mechanisms leading to the disease development have not been elucidated. The main aim of our work was to compare the presence and enzyme activity of cross- linking enzymes lysyl oxidases (LOX and LOX-like enzymes), in control human cornea samples and explanted cornea gained from patients with KC. We also focused on diseases previously described to be associated with KC with the aim to identify common signs among them. Furthermore, we replicated association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LOX and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with KC risk. We attempted to link all pathophysiological disturbances observed in KC into one common pathway. We have used a wide spectrum of methods (cell culturing, immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry, microscopy, fluorimetric enzyme activity measurement, genotyping and direct sequencing, statistical analysis). We demonstrated the presence of entire family of LOX enzymes in control and in KC...
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Cell and Molecular Characterization of Failed Human Corneal Grafts. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Recurrent Corneal Melting.
Brejchová, Kristýna ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Smetana, Karel (referee) ; Heissigerová, Jarmila (referee)
The aim of this work was to investigate the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to recurrent corneal melting. Twenty three melted corneas from seven patients were separated into three groups: a) patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, b) those with rheumatoid arthritis and c) those with other corneal melting underlying pathologies. Eleven cadaverous corneas served as controls. The presence of MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, and -13 was detected using indirect enzyme immunohistochemistry. The active forms of MMP-2 and -9 and MMP- 3 and -7 were examined by gelatin and casein zymography, respectively. The concentrations of active MMP-1 and -3 were measured using activity assays. Increased immunostaining intensity for MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8 and -9 was shown in the corneal epithelium and the stroma of almost all melted corneas from all three groups compared to the negative or slightly positive staining of the controls. In the endothelium, immunostaining for MMP-2 and MMP-9 was increased in most specimens of groups II and III and group I, respectively. A markedly higher level of active MMP-2 was detected in six, and active MMP-9 in all, pathologic specimens compared to the controls. In contrast to the completely negative controls, the proenzymes of MMP-3 and -7 were detected in almost all melted...
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