National Repository of Grey Literature 67 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall
Kukrálová, Simona ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Candidate: Bc. Simona Kukrálová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes a disease called tuberculosis, which, along with other selected diseases, is still one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. It is estimated that more than a million people succumb to the disease each year. The remarkable structure of the cell wall of mycobacteria has a great influence on the treatment of tuberculosis itself, together with the ever-increasing incidence of multidrug- resistant and extensively resistant strains, especially in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The research of mycobacteria is given great attention. Efforts to find new substances with antimycobacterial effect acting on individual components of the cell wall, preferably on the cell wall as a complex, are actual and are part of national as well as international programs. Theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with current knowledge about mycobacteria with emphasis on cell wall, epidemiology of tuberculosis...
Study of the development of microbial biofilm within an experimental model, Galleria mellonella
Doubová, Dominika ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Dominika Doubová Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title: Study of the development of microbial biofilm within an experimental model, Galleria mellonella Aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis is to introduce the invertebrate organism, Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella), that can be used within the scientific research as an alternative model organism to vertebrates. This model seems to be more financially favorable and more ethically acceptable, which is an essential fact in the current era of increasing pressure to abandon testing on vertebrates in particular. The experimental part of this thesis is focused on optimizing the utilization of the G. mellonella larvae as a model organism within the research of fungal burn wounds fungal infections induced by the yeast Candida albicans. Within these experiments, larvae were used to preparation of tissue explants on which the formation of a single- species yeast biofilm was investigated. Methods: Before obtaining of tissue explants, the larvae were decapitated. To reduce contamination of tissue samples primarily by the gut microbiota of the larvae, the approach of removing the digestive tube was optimized. Burn wounds were induced...
Study of in vivo toxicity of selected compounds with the implementation of the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella
Turinová, Veronika ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
6 ABSTRACT Charles university, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Author: Veronika Záveská Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Study of in vivo toxicity of selected compounds with the implementation of the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella Background: The aim of this diploma thesis was to monitor the influence of the weight of the larvae, or rather its developmental stage, on the results after the administration of selected doses of DMSO. In the experimental work, the toxic impact of DMSO on larvae was evaluated not only from the point of view of mortality. Much attention was also paid to the characteristic features that are commonly observed during tests on Galleria mellonella larvae, such as the degree of melanization, the impact on activity and cocoon formation. Methods: For individual experiments, three test groups of six individuals each were created based on weight, one group of larvae weighing 250 ± 10 mg, the second group weighing 350 ± 15 mg and the third group weighing 450 ± 15 mg. Using a Hamilton syringe, a volume of 10 µl of the test solution with the appropriate concentration of DMSO was administered to each larva directly into the haemocoel through the last left proleg. The administered doses...
Study of the development of microbial biofilm within an experimental model, Galleria mellonella
Doubová, Dominika ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Dominika Doubová Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title: Study of the development of microbial biofilm within an experimental model, Galleria mellonella Aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis is to introduce the invertebrate organism, Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella), that can be used within the scientific research as an alternative model organism to vertebrates. This model seems to be more financially favorable and more ethically acceptable, which is an essential fact in the current era of increasing pressure to abandon testing on vertebrates in particular. The experimental part of this thesis is focused on optimizing the utilization of the G. mellonella larvae as a model organism within the research of fungal burn wounds fungal infections induced by the yeast Candida albicans. Within these experiments, larvae were used to preparation of tissue explants on which the formation of a single- species yeast biofilm was investigated. Methods: Before obtaining of tissue explants, the larvae were decapitated. To reduce contamination of tissue samples primarily by the gut microbiota of the larvae, the approach of removing the digestive tube was optimized. Burn wounds were induced...
Current possibillities of laboratory diagnostics of EBV
Janů, Denisa ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles university Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study programme: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in health care Author: Bc. Denisa Janů Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Current possibillities of laboratory diagnostics of EBV Background: The aim of this diploma thesis was to get acquainted with the issue of Epstein-Barr virus infection and its laboratory diagnostics. Other aim was to divide the patients into groups according to the serological results, then evaluate the prevalence of EBV and evaluate the incidence of primary EBV infection in the tested group of patients for the years 2019-2022. Methods: Chemiluminescence immunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence were used to determine specific antibodies against EBV. In some cases, the examination was completed by determining the avidity of anti-VCA IgG antibodies and the microblot array method. Real-time PCR was used to detect EBV DNA. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to process data and to create tables and graphs. Results: For the years 2019-2022, 14,736 patients were tested for the presence of specific antibodies against EBV in the infectious serology and virology laboratory of Vidia-Diagnostika, 263 patients for the presence of heterophile antibodies...
Basics of current antimycobacterial treatment
Šilhavá, Kristýna ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Diepoltová, Adéla (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Author: Kristýna Šilhavá Supervisor: PharmDr, Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Basics of current antimycobacterial therapy The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis is to summarize information regarding mycobacteria, mycobacterial infections and particularly their treatment. Infections caused by mycobacteria are widespread worldwide and a large part of the population is infected with them each year. The most common forms are pulmonary, but practically any organ of the human body can be affected. Although these diseases are treatable with combinations of antimycobacterial drugs, the number of cases with drug resistant forms of mycobacterial diseases is currently on the rise. Therefore, emphasis is placed on the development and testing of new drugs that would be able to treat these resistant forms of diseases in the future. The experimental part is dedicated to testing newly synthesized antimycobacterial compounds that were tested using the microdilution broth method against five strains of Mycobacterium genus (M. smegmatis, M. aurum, M. avium, M. kansasii and M. tuberculosis H37Ra). The results are interpreted and evaluated in terms of the...
Mycobacterial resistance against currently used antimycobacterial drugs
Lanková, Markéta ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study programme: Pharmacy Candidate: Markéta Lanková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Mycobacterial resistance against currently used antimycobacterial drugs Keywords: Mycobacteria, Mycobacterioses, Resistance, Antimycobacterials, Microdilution broth method, Minimum inhibition concentration The successful treatment of mycobacterial diseases is nowadays often confronted with the declining effect of antituberculotics and other antimicrobial agents, which are often used in the therapy of mycobacterial diseases. The goal of the theoretical part of the thesis was to focus on a comprehensive assessment of the issue of resistance to the current therapeutics used in the fight against resistant mycobacterial strains, to summarize the basic characteristics of the genus Mycobacterium, to address resistant TBC and NTM, and to describe the mechanisms of action and resistance known so far for individual therapeutics, which are often interrelated. The emergence of highly resistant mycobacterial strains is constantly increasing the risk of serious, life-threatening infections. The mechanisms of resistance either arise from the natural properties of the cell or develop gradually as a result of external stimuli, which is...
Study of in vivo toxicity of selected compounds with the implementation of the invertebrate model galleria mellonella
Záveská, Veronika ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
6 ABSTRACT Charles university, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Author: Veronika Záveská Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Study of in vivo toxicity of selected compounds with the implementation of the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella Background: The aim of this diploma thesis was to monitor the influence of the weight of the larvae, or rather its developmental stage, on the results after the administration of selected doses of DMSO. In the experimental work, the toxic impact of DMSO on larvae was evaluated not only from the point of view of mortality. Much attention was also paid to the characteristic features that are commonly observed during tests on Galleria mellonella larvae, such as the degree of melanization, the impact on activity and cocoon formation. Methods: For individual experiments, three test groups of six individuals each were created based on weight, one group of larvae weighing 250 ± 10 mg, the second group weighing 350 ± 15 mg and the third group weighing 450 ± 15 mg. Using a Hamilton syringe, a volume of 10 µl of the test solution with the appropriate concentration of DMSO was administered to each larva directly into the haemocoel through the last left proleg. The administered doses...

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