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Biologist and Philosopher Zdeněk Neubauer. Studies on Intellectual Biography.
Nováková, Lucie ; Hermann, Tomáš (advisor) ; Palouš, Martin (referee) ; Frei, Jan (referee)
Dissertation abstract Biologist a philosopher Zdeněk Neubauer Studies on Intellectual Biography The subject of the dissertation research is the personality and work of the Czech biologist and philosopher Zdeněk Neubauer in contemporary scientific and social contexts, in selected aspects, concentrating mainly on the period from the beginning of his scientific activity to the 1990s. It focuses on his intellectual biography in general, with an attempt to capture, describe and informatively complete those aspects of his work and professional activities where the necessary coherent information has not been available so far. The basic methodology of the thesis is qualitative research with as much critical objectivity as possible. The necessary evaluation and interpretation procedures are subordinated to this basic approach and objectives. The text of the dissertation is divided into ten chapters, which structure Neubauer's life into thematic units. The chapters are partly arranged chronologically, but most of the themes are interwoven throughout the work, so this structure is only ancillary. The breakdown of the chapters is as follows: Childhood, Naples Stay, Serratia Marcescens, Letter on Biology, Paul Ricoeur and the Rehabilitation of the Subject, Spirit and Nature, Clash of Paradigms, and The Science Wars,...
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J. B. Souček - a Protestant Intellectual in the Heavy See of the Third Republic
Wernischová, Adelaida ; Spurný, Matěj (advisor) ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with Josef Bohumil Souček, one of the leading protestant intellectuals in the postwar Czechoslovakia. Czech protestants were undoubtedly one of the groups, that had an influence on the public opinion, although it wasn't a huge group. If it is written about any great protestant figure from this era, it is usually about J. L. Hromádka and other important members of Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren remain in his shadow. This text should thus go about one of Hromádka's younger colleagues, who had in postwar Czechoslovakia also an important place. J. B. Souček was a person of great importance already during protectorate, when he led half- legal theologian courses. After World War II he worked as a professor on an evangelical theological faculty, in 60s he became it's vice dean and then also a dean. Besides his theological, exegetical and teaching activities he entered public space also via journalism. Between 1946 and 1949 he was an editor-in-chief of Christian revue, but he wrote articles also for other periodicals. The aim of the work is to make this figure a part of a wider intelectuall field between 1945 and 1948, find the things which had Souček's world of meanings in common with discourse of his period and which differed. On the basis of source research thesis seeks an answer...
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"Plant hunting" in the Context of Science, Culture and Mentality in the 19th and Early 20th Century
Kocurek, Jakub ; Hermann, Tomáš (advisor) ; Neustupa, Jiří (referee) ; Stibral, Karel (referee)
This dissertation examines the phenomenon of 'plant-hunting' and 'plant-hunters' characteristic of Victorian and interwar Britain in particular. It defines and situates this phenomenon in time and space, and attempts to explain it. It primarily focuses on the questions of why the phenomenon arose in the given time and place, why and whether it disappeared at all, and whether it was eventually replaced by something and by what. It also examines what the existence of this phenomenon says about people's relationship to plants and the living world as such. The phenomenon is thus viewed through the plants sought by the plant-hunters themselves, and the plants are taken as the key to understanding the phenomenon. The work shows what distinguishes these particular plants from other plants. They are juxtaposed with the results of recent research on phytophilia, as well as with patterns in the more general human perception of the natural world. Furthermore, the work attempts to find appropriate functional-typological comprehensions, and places them within a theoretical explanatory framework. The whole phenomenon of plant-hunting is approached in the context of its era and contemporary science, technology, politics, and society.
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The Contribution of Oskar Heiroth to the Formation of Classical German Ethology
Bradáč, Ondřej ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee)
Oskar Heinroth was a German zoologist and is frequently considered as the founder of ethology. Thanks to his lifetime observing of animals, especially birds, made he the conclusion that movement, display of behavior and other signs which haven't been taken into account until his days are equally important for the right animal classification as morphology. He is a discoverer of species typical instinctive behavior and he observed as the first one several other ethological phenomenons as imprinting, drop-off of the treshold value of the signal or idle-running reactions. He iniciated a more pragmatic sight into animal psychics and laid foundations of ethological methodics. Thanks to his publication a darwinistic attitude got access into psychological sciences. Regarding his evidence Konrad Lorenz, Erich von Holst and Nicholas Tinbergen constituted ethology as integrated science, which has later been confirmed on the premisies of universities.
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Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680) and his Influence on the Natural Philosophy in the Czech Lands
Lelková, Iva ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee) ; Sklenička, Petr (referee)
Resumé: The dissertation deals with various layers of influence that Athanasius Kircher and his work had on the development of natural philosophy in the Czech lands around the half of the seventeenth century. It is possible to observe one such layer of this influence in his correspondence with the Czech lands, which often had patronage seeking character but was also a source of natural philosophic knowledge, observations and interests. Besides the correspondence influence, a diachronic influence and changing evaluation of Athnasius Kircher's work in the course of time is explored in one chapter. Another chapter introduces his own autobiography, which provides evidence of Kircher's conscious effort to shape the opinion of his person and his work to be made by his contemporaries and next generation of scholars. The last layer of influence being in focus of this work regards the influence of ideas based on an analogy between the movement of sea waters and movement of fluids in human body. Kircher's ideas on geocosmos expressed in his Mundus subterraneus (1664-1665) and Iter extaticum II (1657) are compared with the work of his correspondent, physician from Wroclaw and editor of the first medicine journal, Philipp Jacob Sachs von Löwenheim's Oceanus macro-microcosmicus (1664). Sachs reflects William Harvey's...
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Servitudes in the Roman Law and in the new Civil Code
Heide-Hermann, Tomáš ; Bělovský, Petr (advisor) ; Falada, David (referee)
The subject of this thesis is a comparison of the provisions of the new Czech Civil Code (Law No. 89/2012 Coll.) concernig servitudes with the selected sources of th Roman law, esp. with the Digest or Pandects of Justinian, with Institutes of Justinian and Institutes of Gaius. If it seems suitable, other national civil codifications, which were influenced by the Roman law, were taken into account. The relevant rules of Roman law are selected, quoted and translated in Czech language (using not only Latin original, but also English and French translations) and set against contemporary law. In each case shall be found out what differences exist between contemporary and Roman law and what can be considered as consistent with Roman law, what can be seen as partly agreeing and what is laid down in a different manner. By means of this approach, the most important questions related to the servitudes and property rights are covered and to the provisions of new Civil Code are assesed as a whole.
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Environmental protection and property rights
Heide-Hermann, Tomáš ; Drobník, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
Ochrana životního prostředí a vlastnické právo 67 ČÁST V. 1. Zhodnocení skutečného stavu právní ochrany lesa a ochrany přírody a krajiny. Závěr. Dosavadní podoba vybraných právních předpisů, tedy zákona o ochraně přírod a krajiny č. 114/1992 Sb. a lesního zákona č. 289/1995 Sb., se ukazuje jako v zásadě vyhovující, přesto však stále méně vhodná zejména pro současný stav vlastnictví lesů. V době, kdy byl lesní zákon připracován, byla většina lesů ve vlastnictví státu, na základě zákona č. 172/1991 Sb. však velká rozloha lesních pozemků přešla do vlastnictví obcí a na základě zákona č. 229/1991 Sb. pak i do vlastnictví fyzických osob.113 1.1 Stav lesů a připravovaná legislativa Podoba stávajícího lesního zákona je poznamenána nedostatkem zkušeností se skutečným chováním vlastníků lesů odlišných od státu a bývá proto označován jako zákon pro přechodné období.114 Dalším problémem je nedostatečná efektivita státní správy lesů, na níž má velký vliv vymezení poměrně široké působnosti obecním úřadům obcí s rozšířenou působností. Kritizován je např. i zákonem umožněný způsob hospodaření, který je jen velmi obtížně slučitelný s trvalou obnovou lesa (např. těžba holosečemi do 1 hektaru podle § 31 odst. 2 lesního zákona) a řada dalších skutečností, např. skladba nově vysazovaných dřevin, vymezení obecného užívání lesů...
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Of ants and men. Myrmecological inspirations of anthropology in the work of V. J. A. Novák (1919-1997)
Hampl, Petr ; Stella, Marco (advisor) ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee)
The work presents life and work of Vladimir Jan Amos Novak, it shows his main thoughts unified by the principle of sociogenesis and points at its inspiration in older traditions of german and russian biology. It also concerns his anthropology as related to the principle of sociogenesis and shows some peculiar Novak's contributions, mainly his opinions on progessive neotenization of man and evolutionary tedency for association. It grasps the principle of sociogenesis as a biological and also a political concept and therefore shows its very political consequences presented mainly on his social thoughts. The work also deals with the relations between eastern and western science on Novák's efforts to unify all sciences under one universal evolutionary framework regardless its geographical belonging. Throughout the work is Novak shown in the context of man-animal relations and the principle of sociogenesis as arising from myrmecological studies. There are therefore presented anthropological works of three important myrmecologists A. Forel, W.M. Wheeler and E.O. Wilson as inspired in the study of ants.
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