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Microvascular changes in the retina in schizophrenia and depression
Janáčková, Patrícia ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate: Patrícia Janáčková Thesis supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: Prof. MUDr. Ladislav Hosák, Ph.D., Mgr. Veronika Bernhauerová, Ph.D. Thesis Title: Microvascular Changes in the Retina of the Eye in Schizophrenia and Depression Introduction: Mental disorders affect an increasingly large part of the population and negatively affect the quality of life of patients. The course, relapses and therapy of these diseases depend on the early initiation of therapy. Increasing the quality of treatment, diagnosis and assistance for disabled individuals are the main reasons why we started this research. Aim of the work: The main aim of our work was to assess the association between microvascular changes in the retina of the eye and psychological disorders, namely schizophrenia and depression. We also paid attention to demographic and clinical factors that could influence these changes. We were also interested in the etiopathogenesis, treatment and influence of inflammation on schizophrenia and depression, anatomy and vascular supply of the eye or a detailed description of the retina and its pathology. Metodology: The largest part of the research took place at the...
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The repair of DNA damage induced with suphur mustard and its relationship to the cytotoxicity
Jílková, Martina ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
The aim of this study was to investigate the induction and repair mechanisms of DNA damage caused by sulphur mustard in specific cell lines and their relationship to cytotoxicity of sulphur mustard. Sulphur mustard is a chemical warfare agent of the blistering agent category, which can be misused in local conflicts, terrorist attacks and during liquidation of its storage. Sulphur mustard is an alkylating agent, which interacts with a wide range of cellular macromolecules including DNA, RNA and proteins. Sulphur mustard forms single - strand breaks, monofunctional guanine and adenine adducts, as well as interstrand cross-links involving the two guanines in interaction with DNA. This study is aimed at cross-links. We used the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay) for their detection. It is a method of evaluation of single cells ambeded in agarose. It is used for detection of DNA single strand breaks in a single cell. In our modification of the method we determined cross-links, which make the alkaline DNA unwinding impossible. That is why we had to induce a standard number of single strand breaks in DNA by styreneoxide (at a certain concentration and exposure time) before the comet assay. We studied DNA repair mechanisms of specific DNA lesions using specific cell lines with clearly...
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Microvascular changes in the retina in schizophrenia and depression
Janáčková, Patrícia ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate: Patrícia Janáčková Thesis supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: Prof. MUDr. Ladislav Hosák, Ph.D., Mgr. Veronika Bernhauerová, Ph.D. Thesis Title: Microvascular Changes in the Retina of the Eye in Schizophrenia and Depression Introduction: Mental disorders affect an increasingly large part of the population and negatively affect the quality of life of patients. The course, relapses and therapy of these diseases depend on the early initiation of therapy. Increasing the quality of treatment, diagnosis and assistance for disabled individuals are the main reasons why we started this research. Aim of the work: The main aim of our work was to assess the association between microvascular changes in the retina of the eye and psychological disorders, namely schizophrenia and depression. We also paid attention to demographic and clinical factors that could influence these changes. We were also interested in the etiopathogenesis, treatment and influence of inflammation on schizophrenia and depression, anatomy and vascular supply of the eye or a detailed description of the retina and its pathology. Metodology: The largest part of the research took place at the...
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Evaluation of the prediction of body composition measured by dual bioimpedance compared with bioimpedance spectroscopy.
Žídková, Natálie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
KATEDRA BIOLOGICKÝCH A LÉKAŘSKÝCH VĚD Hodnocení predikce tělesné kompozice měřené bioimpedanční Natálie Žídková Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ, 2022/2023 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the prediction of body composition by the method of dual bioimpedance analysis in relation to the prediction of body composition by the method of spectroscopic bioimpedance analysis. Five pregnant women (first-time mothers) with a physiologically ongoing pregnancy were included in the study. Each of them participated in three examinations, specifically in the period between 17.-27. week of pregnancy, 28.-35. week of pregnancy and the 36th-38th week of pregnancy. A Tanita RD-953 personal digital scale (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) representing dual bioimpedance analysis and a BCM - Body Composition Monitor (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany) representing spectroscopic bioimpedance analysis were used for measurements. The measurement results were compared by statistical analysis. No significant differences were found between the BIA and BIS measurements by the Wilcoxon test. In contrast, the Bland-Altman test found statistically significant differences in the measurement of body fat in the first and second follow-up periods, as well as in the...
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The quality of life of adults with ADHD
Česlová, Karolína ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in the adult population with the aim of finding out how this disorder manifests itself in the everyday life of an adult, whether it affects him/her and to what extent. Information was obtained from 37 already diagnosed adult men and women who voluntarily participated in the research in the form of a structured multiple-choice questionnaire. The findings gathered were then evaluated, compared with available experience and also contributed to answering the questions I had previously considered. Thanks to the answers and its closer examination from the people so diagnosed, it appears that this disorder interferes with their daily lives, affecting their actions and their very quality of life. Awareness of ADHD in adulthood among both the general public and, to some extent, the professional public is still relatively low.
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Endokrine disruptors
Popelková, Michaela ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biological and medical sciences Michaela Popelková Supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Endocrine disruptors Background: The aim of this thesis is to summarize basic information regarding the endocrine disruptors by using the latest scientific findings available. The increase of health problems in the population and the negative impact on the environment related to endocrine disruptors is also examined. Additionally, this thesis presents a basic overview of significant endocrine disruptors including their characteristics. Main findings: The rising incidence of metabolic and other endocrinological diseases is lately being connected with chemicals that have the ability to interfere with the endocrine system. These chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors and they have a potential to influence most of the bodily organ systems. Thus, they can be part of any endocrine disease, including the thyroid disorders, disorders of reproductive function, development of obesity and diabetes, commencement of some types of carcinoma etc. Currently there are more than thousand of these chemicals identified and there are many that remain unknown. Therefore the current goal of the scientific community is...
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Macronutrient intake in women during pregnancy
Mesteková, Štěpánka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of women during pregnancy. Many physiological changes occur during this period and these changes need to be adequately covered to ensure proper fetal development and maternal health. The study aimed to evaluate the nutrition of pregnant women with a focus on energy, protein, lipid, carbohydrate and fluid intake and to assess whether the intake of these nutrients changes during pregnancy. The observation was performed at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Králové from March to December 2020. The survey involved 10 women aged 25-39 years and took place during three separate periods of pregnancy. The NutriDan program was used to obtain nutritional data and statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Excel. The results of the study were compared with the recommendations in the Czech Republic. The intake of individual nutrients and energy did not differ statistically significantly during pregnancy. The obtained results show that the recommended energy intake is not covered and that the proportions of some nutrients do not correspond to the Czech standard. The energy intake of pregnant women is lower than the recommended intake of 2200 kcal / day for non-pregnant and non- breastfeeding women. Women increase protein intake, but at...
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The Composition of Breast Milk and Basal Metabolic Rate in Lactating Women
Krupková, Lucie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Lucie Krupková Consultant: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: The composition of breast milk and basal metabolic rate in lactating women. Breast milk is the ideal first food for infants for the first six months of their life. Healthy growth and development of infants depend on the quality and the quantity of human milk. Lactation, particularly milk composition, may be influenced by various factors such as maternal body composition, maternal energy balance, physiological events in the mother, genetic factors, parity, duration of pregnancy, stage of lactation, then for example socioeconomic status, maternal diet and individual needs of breast-fed infants. In our study, we examined mothers' anthropometric parameters, anthropometric parameters of breast-fed infants, mothers' indirect calorimetry and the composition of breast milk in four different periods postpartum. The aim of our study was to determine the interactions between the various components of breast milk and other measured parameters. In our study, we found that the weight gain in breast-fed infants, the fat mass gain (in g) and the fat free mass gain were significant (ANOVA, P < 0,0001). The 24-hour...
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