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Left behind places and spatial aspects of elections: nativism, populism, and the geography of discontent
Suchánek, Jonáš ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Kostelecký, Tomáš (referee) ; Maškarinec, Pavel (referee)
The topic of migration has come to the forefront of the European media and political discourse following the refugee wave in 2015 and 2016, accompanied by mainstreamed anti-immigrant and nativist narratives. In the subsequent years, populist radical right parties in many countries reached their electoral peaks and after Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential elections and the Brexit referendum, academic interest in studying populism surged intensely. One of the key conceptual approaches that contributed to the academic debate on exploring the causes of societal radicalization and polarization, as well as the resulting electoral manifestations, was the contextual understanding of specific peripheral areas through the lens of so-called left behind places and the geography of discontent. However, despite this contextual understanding of electoral processes, most studies rarely utilize modern spatial methods and the majority of such analyses primarily focus on the United States and countries in Western and Northern Europe. This dissertation thus introduces a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of the Czech (and Slovak) electoral environment at the detailed level of municipalities. This allows for verifying the validity of the given concepts that find application in other countries. In...
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Analysis of the academic performance of pupils with immigrant background in selected European countries
Čakovská, Hana ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Kostelecká, Yvona (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively assess the position of pupils of foreign origin in schools. This is analysed through the magnitude of the differences in learning outcomes between immigrant pupils and native pupils in eight different education systems. The main aim is to capture the heterogeneity between the selected countries, which were chosen because of differences in integration strategies, the amount of funding directed to education and the organisation of education systems. For the purpose of the analysis, the international database of the PISA survey was used with 49 687 respondents. The effect of foreign origin is analysed together with other determinants in order to reveal its relevance in explaining students' performance in school. The author is not aware of any differences in the academic performance of immigrant pupils and native-born pupils have been captured in other similar comparative research. Based on the literature, the factors were grouped into three levels - pupil, school and country levels. For this purpose, a multilevel linear model is used, which is able to purge the effect of school level from the role of individual characteristics. The influence of immigrant background has been demonstrated, but is influenced by other factors such as economic, social and cultural...
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Attitudes of Czech lower secondary school pupils towards Ukrainian refugees
Obořilová, Tereza ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Volný, Vít (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the attitudes of Czech lower secondary school pupils towards Ukrainian refugees. The main goal of the thesis is to find out what attitudes pupils have towards this group and which factors can influence their attitudes towards them. The topic is very current due to the ongoing war in Ukraine. The thesis could be helpful to educators working with children and organizations dealing with the integration of war refugees into Czech society. The theoretical part is devoted to factors influencing the formation of prejudices. These factors are divided into contextual (regional and school context) and individual (contact hypothesis, group threat theory, media, religion, and family socioeconomic status). On the basis of these factors, seven hypotheses were established and according to them, questions were compiled for the questionnaire survey, which served as a basis for the practical part of the thesis. It was possible to obtain data from 18 classes and 349 pupils from seven districts of the Czech Republic. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, it was found that attitudes are most related to the perceived threat of the outer group and to contact with members of the outer group. On the contrary, the beliefs of the respondents and the media they use to gain information...
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Long-term tendencies of spatiotemporal differentiation of unemployment in Czechia with emphasis on seasonality
Havej, Petr ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hasman, Jiří (referee)
This master thesis belongs thematically to the research of long-term trends of spatio-temporal differentiation in the Czech Republic. Within this theme, it focuses on several objectives. The first of them concerns the search for appropriate scale levels and region types for time-space analyzes of unemployment in the Czech Republic and the definition of as many homogeneous regions as possible in terms of the unemployment rate. Subsequently, the work at the appropriate level defined in this way focuses on the next goal, which is to reveal and describe the development of seasonality in unemployment in the Czech Republic. As part of this goal, the effort is to determine the significance of the phenomenon of seasonality in unemployment, its development in space and time, and to define groups of regions that are more or less affected by this phenomenon. One of the partial goals is also to reveal the development of spatial differentiation in unemployment in the last few years. The work uses detailed monthly data on the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic at the municipal level for the years 2002-2021 published by the Ministry of the Interior. The methods used in this work are entirely quantitative in nature, they come from the group of (time) spatial analyses, which include, for example, LISA, as well...
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Analysis of the party effect within the coalition candidates in the 2021 Czech parliamentary elections
Křivohlávek, Tomáš ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Pink, Michal (referee)
This master thesis aims to present a new theoretical concept called the party effect. The party effect describes the situation when the voter gives preferential votes according to which party within the coalition nominated the candidate. This effect is examined in the case of the parliamentarian elections in the Czech Republic in 2021. Thanks to the success of two pre-electoral coalitions, these elections represent an ideal opportunity to analyse the party effect within the coalition candidate list. The author is not aware that this aspect of preferential voting within pre-electoral coalitions has been addressed before. In addition to presenting the concept, the aim of the thesis is also to propose a methodology for its measurement. This methodology is subsequently applied for empirical verification of the presence and strength of the party effect in the individual parties of the SPOLU coalition and the PIRÁTI a STAROSTONÉ coalition. In the analytical part of the work, it was found that the party effect is present in all investigated parties. The strength of the effect varies not only across parties but also across space. It is primarily a methodological work, the goal of which is not a detailed analysis of each individual finding.
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Amalysis of migration flows in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2019
Petřek, Martin ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Pavelková, Lenka (referee)
Analysis of Migration Flows in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2019 Abstract The aim of this thesis will be the analysis of migration flows in sub-Saharan Africa in 2019. Based on the research, we can state what factors most influence spatial migration in sub- Saharan Africa. The basic factors are determined based on the study of the literature and are clearly divided into cultural, political, socio-economic and geographical factors. Fifty-four of the most intensive migration flows in this region are subsequently analyzed. Based on the characteristics of the source and destination countries, we will get an answer to the questions of which factors influence migration flows the most and which influence them the least. The result is a confirmation of the importance of mainly cultural and geographical factors, for example a common religion, an official language or common borders and distance. A smaller influence was shown for socio-economic and political factors, especially for the degree of freedom or the poverty index and the smallest influence for common historical ties. Keywords: destination country, migration flows, migration geography, source country
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The populist radical right and its influence on the US presidential elections in 2012, 2016, and 2020
Šusta, Filip ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Solik, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines voting behaviour in the United States presidential election between 2012 and 2020, focusing mainly on how the populist radical right influenced the results. It therefore compares the results of the 2012 election, when Mitt Romney, who is considered a traditional Republican, ran for president, with those of the 2016 and 2020 elections, when Donald Trump, a representative of the populist radical right, applied for office. The thesis draws on the concepts of national nostalgia, cleavage theory and describes the characteristics of American nativism. Through a two-level binary logistic regression, influence variables are assessed at the individual and contextual levels, which are taken to be the US states. The results reveal a very important influence of the attitudes to unauthorized migration on support for Donald Trump in particular. It was also found that American society has become significantly radicalised during Trump's presidency. The demographic characteristics of the electorate were projected onto attitudinal questions about immigration, and these in turn conditioned their affection for Donald Trump. Through the models, it was also possible to confirm that his support corresponded to the general support of the populist radical right. Key words: cleavage theory; national...
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Assessing the implementation of the health-focused Sustainable Development Goals in low-income countries
Ratajová, Natalie ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Preis, Jiří (referee)
The thesis examines the success of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on the example of 46 countries among least developed countries in the world. Specifically, the thesis focuses on SDGs dedicated to health - SDG 3.1. and SDG 3.2. and their indicators. Based on the research questions, key strategies for achieving the goals in the monitored group of countries are presented. The following chapter is an evaluation of selected parameters and their indicators. Six most successful countries are selected based on the last research question (the countries with the most progress in the worst-performing indicator). Their example shows the established interventions that have helped the countries the most. The motivation for this focus of work is the topicality and lack of other documentation of this topic. The SDGs are now in their midst, and few literature analyzes SDG 3, which I have chosen in the least developed group of the world. The text is based on the findings of the SDGs and their context in the monitored countries. For the needs of the thesis, a lot of data from various data sources were processed, from which research questions were evaluated. The analysis confirmed the improvement of values in the monitored SDG indicators in the least developed countries of the world. However, there...
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The influence of glocalization on the origin of microbrewery raw materials and their integration into global production networks
Beneš, Adam ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Materna, Kryštof (referee)
The microbrewery industry is one of the most dynamically developing sectors in the last decade. The entire microbrewery industry has grown as a response to globalized beer production with unified flavors. It is trying to develop the beer industry with global trends. This makes microbreweries an interesting object of observation, as their production often cannot do without foreign ingredients. The connection to global production networks is thus interesting even in such a small industry, which first emerged as a counterpoint to these trends in the world of the globalized beer industry. In the course of my research, I collected data on the origin of raw materials from selected microbreweries, which I approached, and then conducted semi-structured interviews with them. The breweries with the highest ratings on Untappd, the largest beer rating site in the world, were selected. Out of the 16 microbreweries contacted, 9 took part in the research. The results of the research show that virtually no microbrewery can do without foreign ingredients. However, there were differences between the breweries in the degree of their integration. In order to demonstrate these differences, a categorization of microbreweries was made based on their involvement in global production networks. Key words: globalization,...
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The effect of migration on electoral geography of populist-nationalist parties: the case of Freedom and Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura party
Suchánek, Jonáš ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Maškarinec, Pavel (referee)
Analytical research of a migrant's presence in a certain location on election outcomes of populist-nationalist parties is a relatively new phenomena in the field of electoral geography. Media and political interest in migration and refugees has risen rapidly in the last few years and offers a broad opportunity for relevant scientific studies. This thesis stems from existing literature, that have studied such relation and focuses on the case of The Freedom and Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura Party (SPD) and on the possible influence of the share of migrants on SPD's electoral support at two different scale levels (municipalities with authorized municipal offices and individual municipalities) during the 2017 parliamentary elections. Analysing the most important groups of migrants and additionally a formed group of migrants coming from countries with either dominant or significant Muslim native population can be considered as innovative. The main goal is to discover whether the election outcomes of SPD, which stands strongly opposed to migration, differ based on the share of migrants in a certain area, or if migration does not play any role at all. Furthermore, the electoral geography of SPD is compared to the of Tomio Okamura's former party - Dawn of Direct Democracy, whose rhetoric did not focus...
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