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PPCP in water and their influence on water ecosystems
Bláhová, Marie ; Fuksa, Josef (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to identify the main representatives of a wide group of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP for short) and to explain the reasons why they pose an increasing risk to aquatic ecosystems. In the theoretical part, the work is devoted to defining the concept of PPCP and explaining the main reasons why their concentration in the aquatic environment has been growing steadily in recent decades. It also deals with the division into the main groups of preparations found in the aquatic environment, their characteristics, documented impacts on aquatic organisms and currently detected concentrations in the world's rivers. In the following chapters, the thesis addresses the issue of the effectiveness of the removal of these substances and the mechanisms by which they can be improved. The work briefly summarizes the effects on the organisms caused by both bioaccumulation and endocrine disruption and at the end of the theoretical part deals with the properties of ten selected drugs, which are regularly detected in Czech rivers. The practical part evaluates the volume of sales of ten drugs in the Czech Republic during 2019, their detected concentrations in the rivers Vltava, Elbe, Morava and Dyje and processing these data to assess the risk of concentrations found for...
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Removal of pharmaceutical products from water in wastewater treatment plants
Hamanová, Sabina ; Fuksa, Josef (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by constructed wetlands (CWs) and compares its efficiency with removal efficiency of mechanical-biological conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). In the first part the structure of WWTP is described, followed by the structure of CW. Special attention is also paid to the types of CWs, basic principles of function, physical-chemical parameters and vegetation. Below in literature review based on recent works is introduced characterization of selected pharmaceuticals with possible risks. The final section is focused on comparison of case studies from different countries in the world, oriented to the removal of organic polutants, especially PPCPs, from wastewater using various mechanisms including the use of constructed wetlands. Key words: PPCPs, constructed wetland, wastewater treatment plant, wastewater
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Removal of pharmaceutical products from water in wastewater treatment plants
Hamanová, Sabina ; Fuksa, Josef (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by constructed wetlands (CWs) and compares its efficiency with removal efficiency of mechanical-biological conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). In the first part the structure of WWTP is described, followed by the structure of CW. Special attention is also paid to the types of CWs, basic principles of function, physical-chemical parameters and vegetation. Below in literature review based on recent works is introduced characterization of selected pharmaceuticals with possible risks. The final section is focused on comparison of case studies from different countries in the world, oriented to the removal of organic polutants, especially PPCPs, from wastewater using various mechanisms including the use of constructed wetlands. Key words: PPCPs, constructed wetland, wastewater treatment plant, wastewater
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Carbamazepine - a study on the input to surface waters
Hromádková, Lucie ; Fuksa, Josef (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Anticonvulsant carbamazepine is a pharmaceutical, which is necessary to be taken continuously. Moreover carbamazepine and its metabolites are resistant to microbial degradation and sorption onto sludge in present municipal wastewater treatment plants. Therefore carbamazepine and its metabolites pass through WWTP and are constantly discharged to surface waters. Concentrations of carbamazepine measured in surface waters are too low to cause acute toxicological effects, but chronic toxicological effects or synergic effects with other pharmaceuticals cannot be excluded. Due to its physico-chemical properties carbamazepine is recalcitrant to degradation in surface waters and in soil, thus it infiltrates through bedrock to ground water. So far there is not enough information on behaviour and effects of metabolites of carbamazepine in surface waters. Besides carbamazepine, also other pharmaceuticals are nowadays often detected in surface and ground water and in the soil. Furthermore, as the population grows the consumption of pharmaceuticals increases as does their input into environment. However, given the risks, which pharmaceuticals in the environment entail, it is necessary to reduce additional input of these micropolutants into environment. As pharmaceuticals can enter the environment by many pathways, there...
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The mechanisms of specific polutants impact on aquatic communities.
Vaněčková, Hana ; Fuksa, Josef (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
With a decrease of classic pollution of water ecosystems the importance of PPCP (pharmaceutics and personal care products) increases. Their amount is increasing due to human consumption and thus the input into municipal wastewater and consequently into the surface water, eventually into the ground water increases as well. This bachelor work is a review of scientific literature in the field of PPCP water load. The goal is resuming the results of the studies of the influence of these substances on freshwater aquatic communities. In the beginning the sources of the variability (in time and space) of the concentrations of these substances in rivers are resumed. But the rate of affection of the aquatic communities depends even on the length of exposure, which is longterm with regard to the continuous flow of substances from wastewater treatment plants. That is why the effect of long-term incidence on aquatic communities is intensively studied. The emphasis is put on the incidence of endocrine disruptors (substances disrupting the endocrine system), which affect e.g. the oestral cycle of some kind of exposed populations. There are observed changes in the way of perception of a predator by his prey whereas the escape reactions of the prey happen to be affected. The additive effect of ixtures of...
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Výzkum a ochrana hydrosféry - výzkum vztahů a procesů ve vodní složce životního prostředí‚ orientovaný na vliv antropogenních tlaků‚ její trvalé užívání a ochranu‚ včetně legislativních nástrojů: Koordinace a řízení výzkumného záměru a koordinace řešení průřezových témat
Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G. Masaryka, v.v.i., Praha ; Picek, Jiří ; Simon, Ondřej ; Lochovský, Petr ; Slavík, Ondřej ; Novický, Oldřich ; Fuksa, Josef
Předmětem řešení výzkumného záměru je komplexní dlouhodobý výzkum v oblasti hydrosféry, orientovaný na vztahy a procesy ve vodní složce životního prostředí, na vliv antropogenních tlaků, na trvalé užívání a její ochranu, včetně legislativních nástrojů a technických opatření. Záměr je rozdělen do tematických oddílů: A - Hydrologie, B - Společenstva a organismy, C - Antropogenní tlaky na vodní ekosystémy, D - Vztahy krajina - voda (množství, jakost), E - Legislativní nástroje, bilanční, predikční, hodnotící a informační systémy, F - Koordinace a řízení výzkumného záměru a koordinace řešení průřezových témat. Zpráva obsahuje souhrny řešení v jednotlivých tematických oddílech.
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Labe IV: Koordinace a syntéza, návaznosti, popularizace výsledků
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta stavební ; Výzkumný ústav rybářský a hydrobiologický Jihočeské Univerzity, Vodňany ; Český hydrometeorologický ústav, Praha ; Česká geologická služba, Praha ; Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G.Masaryka, Praha ; Louchovský, Petr ; Císlerová, Milena ; Buzek, František ; Randák, Tomáš ; Soldán, Přemysl ; Nesměrák, Ivan ; Blažková, Šárka ; Rudiš, Miroslav ; Eckhardt, Pavel ; Fuksa, Josef ; Desortová, Blanka ; Slavík, Ondřej ; Blažková, Šárka
Projekt navazuje na dřívější projekty VaV: Projekt Labe (1991-1994), Projekt Labe II (1995-1998) a projekt VaV "Ochrana a užívání vodních zdrojů v rámci uceleného povodí" - zvaný Projekt Labe III (1999-2002), v nichž byla shromážděna data, zpracovány metodiky a vyvinuty postupy matematického modelování. Projekt Labe IV tyto soubory dat prodlouží v čase, metodiky a modely rozvine o nové postupy srovnatelné se světovou úrovní vědy a doplní je tak, aby byly použitelné v jiných povodích.
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