|
|
The interaction of kainate subtypes of glutamate receptors with steroid compounds.
Fraňková, Denisa ; Krůšek, Jan (advisor) ; Adámek, Pavel (referee)
Kainate receptors belong to the family of glutamate receptors, which include NMDA, AMPA and δ receptors. Glutamate receptors are widely found in the brain and therefore they are very dynamically investigated, especially from view of pharmacology, because there is great potential for finding new and more specific modulators which could be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work was to extend the knowledge about the influence of neurosteroids on homomeric kainate receptors (GluK1, GluK2, GluK3) in which is the study of modulation by neurosteroids still at the beginning. We have investigated interactions of homomeric kainate receptors with selected neurosteroids (pregnenolone sulfate, pregnanolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) by using patch clamp method in the configuration of whole-cell recording and also by using microfluorometry. We have found out that the biggest modulating effect on homomeric kainate receptors is caused by pregnenolone sulfate, which inhibits glutamate responses of these receptors. Keywords kainate receptor, glutamate, neurosteroids, steroids, patch-clamp technique
|
|
|
The influence of zinc ions on ionotropic glutamate receptors
Fraňková, Denisa ; Krůšek, Jan (advisor) ; Adámek, Pavel (referee)
Zinc is one of the most abundant divalent metal ion in the central nervous system, where it serves as regulator of many proteins (channels, receptors, pump...), product of neurosecretion or cofactor. The highest concentration of zinc in synaptic vesicles of the specific neurons, which are called zinc-containing neurons and it is subset of glutamatergic neurons. The cumulation of zinc in the synaptic neurons is arranged mostly by transporter ZnT3. A concentration of zinc in the synaptic's vesicles is about 1mmol/l and maybe higher. The zinc-containing neurons are mostly in forebrain, where create complex and neuronal network in mammalian's brain, which conect most of cerebral cortex and limbic system (Frederickson et al. 2000). Zinc is released from synapses after a stimulation (Vogt et al. 2000) and then it affects a lot of receptors, for example postsynaptic NMDA receptors (Koh & Choi 1994) and Ca2+ permeable AMPA and cainate receptors (Hong Z. Yin 1995), voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Atar et al. 1995) and GABAA receptors (Ruiz et al. 2004). This bachelor thesis summarizes the efekt Zn2+ on the ionotropic glutamate receptors. It is mostly adressed on the NMDA receptors, which are the most affected by zinc. The first chapter is about structure of ionotropic glutamate receptors, which is followed up other...
|
guest ::
