|
| |
|
|
Assessment of disused sand and gravel pits in the Třeboň region from the perspective of landscape ecology
Eliášová, Kateřina ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis summarizes findings gained about abandoned sand and gravel pits located in the Třeboňsko Protected Landscape Area. A study of written documents, old maps, aerial images and a field survey of selected sites were used to find out information on mining and mining pits. In the survey, erosion of mining walls, pollution, land use, land cover, dominant and invasive plant species and moisture of mining pits were monitored in sectors of approx. 1 ha or the bank length of about 500 m. A total of 127 sites was included, 37 of which were surveyed in the field. A classification has been created based on age, size, moisture conditions and current land use. Changes caused by mining, including changes in land use and land cover before and after mining, as well as the interaction of mining sites with the Territorial System of Ecological Stability (ÚSES) were also monitored. The majority of sand and gravel pits are small with an area less than 1 ha, dry pits predominate, and most sites were abandoned in the 1970s to 1990s. In about half of the cases, the land cover or land use from before mining have been restored. The main land cover change is the formation of large lakes and forests while the non-forest surface is more diversified after mining. Sites converted into arable land or built-up areas are...
|
|
|
The effect of Arp2/3 complex on vacuolar structure, cytoplasmic streaming and dictyosome motility.
Semerák, Matěj ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Eliášová, Kateřina (referee)
In plant cells, actin filaments are nucleated in two different ways: The growth of single filaments or their bundles is enabled by various types of formins, whereas branched meshworks emerge due to Arp2/3 complex activity. Mutations in genes of these nucleators lead to various phenotypic traits. This thesis deals in the first place with influence of Arp2/3 complex subunits' dysfunction on intracellular motility (cytoplasmic streaming, stop-and-go movements of Golgi apparatus cisternae), since it had not been extensively studied before, and also attempts to quantify the already known impacts of mutations in genes for ARP2 and ARPC5 subunits on the vacuolar morphogenesis. For comparison, a few experiments with plants which carried a mutation in gene for FH1 formin were also realised when measuring the cytoplasmic streaming. The experiments were conducted with a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The methods particularly included transformation with fluorescent markers by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (or usage of a fluorescent dye), microscopy (both standard and confocal) and subsequent evaluation of the acquired data using a computer. During the cytoplasmic streaming research, effects of cytoskeletal drug latrunculin B were studied, too. The outputs did not prove that the Arp2/3 complex defects would manifest...
|
|
| |
|
|
The effect of meta-topolin application on Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis
Štěpánová, Nikola ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Eliášová, Kateřina (referee)
Somatic embryogenesis represents one of the possible methods of vegetative propagation in conifers, especially when traditional propagation ways fail. Several persistent problems prevent the wider use of this technology on a large scale (e.g. low number of high-quality somatic embryos (SE), limited stability of embryogenic capacity of cultures and many others), and even in relatively well experimentally mapped species. In order to contribute to the elimination of some weak points associated with this method, I studied the effect of change in the applied aromatic cytokinins during proliferation. I replaced usually used 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with its hydroxylated derivative - meta-topolin (mT). Literature data indicate that this substitution might represent a promising change that could have solve some of problems, e.g. insufficient number of somatic embryos formed or common problem with aging of embryogenic cultures. I worked with a stable, well-growing embryogenic line of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) derived by our team (line C). I performed the detailed description of the line C development with the conclusion that it showed good embryogenic capacity along with a number of other characteristics common to the lines that were used as model ones in the past. For this reason, it is very...
|
|
|
The effect of meta-topolin application on Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis
Štěpánová, Nikola ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Eliášová, Kateřina (referee)
Somatic embryogenesis represents one of the possible methods of vegetative propagation in conifers, especially when traditional propagation ways fail. Several persistent problems prevent the wider use of this technology on a large scale (e.g. low number of high-quality somatic embryos (SE), limited stability of embryogenic capacity of cultures and many others), and even in relatively well experimentally mapped species. In order to contribute to the elimination of some weak points associated with this method, I studied the effect of change in the applied aromatic cytokinins during proliferation. I replaced usually used 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with its hydroxylated derivative - meta-topolin (mT). Literature data indicate that this substitution might represent a promising change that could have solve some of problems, e.g. insufficient number of somatic embryos formed or common problem with aging of embryogenic cultures. I worked with a stable, well-growing embryogenic line of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) derived by our team (line C). I performed the detailed description of the line C development with the conclusion that it showed good embryogenic capacity along with a number of other characteristics common to the lines that were used as model ones in the past. For this reason, it is very...
|
|
|
The spread of invasive neophytes in the riparian vegetation of the Lužnice River
Eliášová, Kateřina ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hrdina, Aleš (referee)
This thesis studies the spread of invasive neophytes along the South Bohemian Lužnice River. The literature search deals with plant invasions, floodplains and the area of interest. The riparian vegetation along the Lužnice River was mapped with emphasis on 17 taxons of invasive neophytes. The mapping was realized in four sections that were 3-5 km long. The results are compared with the state ascertained by monitoring in the same location in 2008. The results indicate a general increase of invasions and an intensive spread of Impatiens parviflora since the previous mapping. Generally widespread invasive taxa in the studied area are Impatiens parviflora and Impatiens glandulifera of the herbaceous plants. The occurence of Robinia pseudacacia of the woody plants is also common. Other observed taxa occur only locally or in smaller amounts. Keywords: IAS, riparian vegetation, plant invasion, vegetation mapping, watercourse, vegetation change
|
|
| |
|
|
The effect of Arp2/3 complex on vacuolar structure, cytoplasmic streaming and dictyosome motility.
Semerák, Matěj ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Eliášová, Kateřina (referee)
In plant cells, actin filaments are nucleated in two different ways: The growth of single filaments or their bundles is enabled by various types of formins, whereas branched meshworks emerge due to Arp2/3 complex activity. Mutations in genes of these nucleators lead to various phenotypic traits. This thesis deals in the first place with influence of Arp2/3 complex subunits' dysfunction on intracellular motility (cytoplasmic streaming, stop-and-go movements of Golgi apparatus cisternae), since it had not been extensively studied before, and also attempts to quantify the already known impacts of mutations in genes for ARP2 and ARPC5 subunits on the vacuolar morphogenesis. For comparison, a few experiments with plants which carried a mutation in gene for FH1 formin were also realised when measuring the cytoplasmic streaming. The experiments were conducted with a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The methods particularly included transformation with fluorescent markers by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (or usage of a fluorescent dye), microscopy (both standard and confocal) and subsequent evaluation of the acquired data using a computer. During the cytoplasmic streaming research, effects of cytoskeletal drug latrunculin B were studied, too. The outputs did not prove that the Arp2/3 complex defects would manifest...
|
|
|
Structural sudy of prolifareation phase of somatic embryogenesis of Norway spruce under the effect of aromatic cytokinines
Kadlecová, Marie ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Eliášová, Kateřina (referee)
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) represents potentially very suitable way of plant production - micropropagation - of plants in vitro. The process had been studied for more than thirty years and a lot of knowledge has been gained in the field though new ways based on new knowledge leading to improvement and increase of the effectiveness of cultivation protocols are still under focus in the field. Relatively recent discovery of aromatic cytokinins lead to new knowledge on very positive effects on different morphogenetic and physiological processes during both cultivation in vitro or in vivo treatments. This gave origin to the topic of the present thesis, which focused on study of the effect of meta-topolin (mT), aromatic cytokinin, on proliferation phase of SE on structural level of embryogenic lines of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. The aim of the thesis is analysis of structural development of embryogenic lines with the use of anatomical preparations and quantitative stereological methods. The material represented three embryogenic lines: 107 and 34C were obtained from the Forestry and Game Management Research Institute from the lab of Dr. Jana Malá and the line AFO 541, which was used as a standard line. To compare the effect of mT with benzylaminopurine (BAP) on proportion of different...
|
guest ::
